本文選題：南京 + 六朝�。� 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：墓葬中出土的俑和其他隨葬品一樣,負(fù)載了古代社會(huì)的各種信息,可以直觀地反映當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)風(fēng)俗、輿服制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、文化藝術(shù)等。公元前3世紀(jì)到6世紀(jì),吳、東晉、宋、齊、梁、陳先后在南京建都,作為當(dāng)時(shí)南中國的政治、文化中心,帝王貴族聚居的地方,南京自然也是墓葬集中分布的地區(qū)。隨著南京地區(qū)包括南方其他地區(qū)考古工作的不斷深入,六朝人物俑的發(fā)現(xiàn)不斷增多,運(yùn)用考古學(xué)的理論與方法,對(duì)南京地區(qū)六朝墓葬出土的人物俑做系統(tǒng)的梳理進(jìn)而探討六朝時(shí)期人物俑的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)便有了可能。全文從南京地區(qū)六朝墓葬人物俑的出土情況、類型分析、發(fā)展演變歷程、造型來源、制作工藝等方面概述了南京地區(qū)六朝人物俑的基本情況并探究了相關(guān)問題。文章首先介紹了南京地區(qū)六朝人物俑的出土情況,將每座出土有人物俑的墓葬做表梳理,分析人物俑出土墓葬的分布情況,對(duì)人物俑的發(fā)展演變做分析,具體表現(xiàn)為數(shù)量演變、空間演變及時(shí)間演變的分析。再依據(jù)造型、工藝等對(duì)人物俑做具體的分類。根據(jù)人物俑形象所反映的社會(huì)等級(jí)和社會(huì)分工的不同,試將南京地區(qū)六朝墓葬出土的人物俑分為侍俑、武士俑、文士俑、伎樂俑、勞作俑、奴仆俑、代表墓主形象的俑。筆者試著根據(jù)六朝墓葬的斷代分期研究人物俑的分期問題,結(jié)合人物俑自身特點(diǎn),試將南京地區(qū)六朝墓葬出土的人物俑大致分為孫吳西晉、東晉早期、東晉后期至南朝劉宋時(shí)期、南朝中后期四個(gè)演變階段。另外,對(duì)人物俑在發(fā)展演變過程中所體現(xiàn)的社會(huì)背景、審美趣味、制作工藝、造型來源等相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了探究分析。孫吳西晉時(shí)期,是青瓷俑流行時(shí)期。東晉時(shí)期,青瓷俑絕跡,陶俑開始流行。東晉后期至南朝初期,陶俑更加發(fā)展。經(jīng)過吳、西晉、東晉、南朝不斷的發(fā)展,人物俑的數(shù)量不斷增多,品種日益多樣化,塑造工藝日益成熟,風(fēng)格極富個(gè)性,形態(tài)更加逼真,制作日益精巧。六朝人物俑塑造的形象多是靜態(tài)的。這種以靜傳神的風(fēng)格,可以說是六朝人物俑的一個(gè)鮮明的藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)。這一時(shí)期制作工藝已經(jīng)很純熟,造型和對(duì)細(xì)部的刻畫以及對(duì)線條的掌握都達(dá)到了運(yùn)用自如的程度,為隋唐人物俑藝術(shù)的高度發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。六朝人物俑目前發(fā)現(xiàn)有陶、瓷、木、石、玉等材料制成,其中以陶質(zhì)最為常見。陶俑制作工藝在不同程度上受各個(gè)時(shí)期南京地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治地位、人口和喪葬觀念等方面的影響而發(fā)生著變化。孫吳時(shí)期青瓷俑的制作工藝主要是立體捏塑,青瓷俑的造型生動(dòng),富于變化。西晉時(shí)期模制青瓷俑和捏制青瓷俑并行,不論是模制還是捏制,最后都加以貼塑和刻、劃、壓印等,服飾、帽、冠等處還刻畫出具有西晉特色的紋飾。東晉早期陶質(zhì)人物俑的制作工藝主要是捏制和半模制。東晉后期到南朝初期陶俑均為分段模制,一般是頭頸為一模,俑身為一模,將頭頸安插進(jìn)俑身,然后捏塑雙手,再對(duì)五官、服飾等細(xì)節(jié)加以修飾。南朝中晚期陶俑也是分段模制,模制技術(shù)更加成熟,在衣褶、面部表情、舉止神態(tài)上給人以自然真實(shí)的感覺。本文對(duì)材料進(jìn)行時(shí)間、空間及數(shù)量演變的分析,根據(jù)人物俑文化面貌的不同,在分類的基礎(chǔ)上試著對(duì)南京地區(qū)六朝人物俑進(jìn)行了分期研究,總結(jié)了南京六朝人物俑的發(fā)展過程和演變脈絡(luò)。人物俑在不同時(shí)期,由于朝代的更替、外來文化因素的傳入、自身文化的變化等多種原因的影響,在造型和風(fēng)格上發(fā)生著變化。
[Abstract]:The terracotta terracotta terracotta figures unearthed in the tomb, like other funerary articles, load the information of the ancient society, and can directly reflect the social customs, the system of public opinion, the economic development, and the art of culture. From third Century to sixth Century BC, Wu, Eastern Jin, song, Qi, Liang and Chen were built in Nanjing, as the political, cultural center, Emperor aristocracy of the time of South China. Nanjing is a place where the burial is concentrated. With the deepening of the archaeological work in the other parts of the southern part of the south, the discoveries of the figures of the Six Dynasties are increasing. Using the theories and methods of archaeology, the figures of the figures unearthed in the Six Dynasties' burials in the Nanjing area are systematically combed and then the figures of the figures in the Six Dynasties are discussed. From the unearthed situation of the figures of the tomb figures of the Six Dynasties in Nanjing, the paper summarizes the basic situation of the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties in the Nanjing area and explores the related problems. The article first introduces the unearthed situation of the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties in the Nanjing area, and the article first introduces the unearthed situation of the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties in the region of the region. The tombs of each terracotta figure are combed, the distribution of the terracotta figures unearthed, the development and evolution of the figures are analyzed, and the evolution of the figures, the analysis of the evolution of the space and the evolution of the time, and the concrete classification of the figures according to the shape and process are also made. According to the social rank and society reflected by the figures of the figures. According to the differences in the division of labor, the figures are divided into terracotta warriors, warriors, warriors, warriors, terracotta warriors, terracotta warriors, terracotta warriors and terra cotta warriors. The author tries to study the staging of figures on the basis of the stages of the Six Dynasties' burial burial and the characteristics of the figures, and try to unearthed the burial burials of the Six Dynasties in the Nanjing area. The figures are roughly divided into the Western Jin Dynasty, the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Dynasty Liu Song period and the four evolution stages of the Southern Dynasty and the middle and late period of the Southern Dynasty. In addition, the social background, aesthetic taste, production technology, and the source of the shape are explored and analyzed in the process of development and evolution. During the Eastern Jin period, the pottery figurines were extinct and the pottery figurines began to pop. The pottery figurines were more developed in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty to the early Southern Dynasties. After the continuous development of Wu, Western Jin, Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, the number of figures was increasing, the varieties were increasingly diversified, the craft became more mature, the style was more personable, the form was more realistic, and the figures of the Six Dynasties figurines were plastic. The creation of the image is mostly static. This style in the quiet and divine can be said to be a distinct artistic feature of the figures of the Six Dynasty figures. The production process has been very well done in this period. The modeling and the depiction of the details and the mastery of the lines have reached the level of use, laying a solid foundation for the high development of the art of the figures in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. At present, the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties were found to be made of pottery, porcelain, wood, stone and jade, among which the pottery figurines were most common. The pottery figurines were changed to varying degrees by the influence of the economy, political status, population and funeral ideas of Nanjing in various periods. The shape of the porcelain figurines is vivid and varied. In the Western Jin period, the pottery figurines and the porcelain figurines were made in parallel. Whether it was molding or kneading, the porcelain figurines were moulded and carved, carved, pressed and so on. The clothes, caps and crowns were also depicted in the Western Jin Dynasty. The early Eastern Jin Dynasty was mainly made of kneading and semi moulded. The initial figures are segmented molded, is generally the first mock exam for head and neck, figurines as the first mock exam, the head and neck right into the body and then molded figurines, hands, the facial features, clothing and other details. The modified advanced pottery is segmented molded, molding technology is more mature, in the folds, facial expressions. Demeanor to the natural and true feeling This article analyses the time, space and quantity evolution of the material. According to the different cultural features of the figures, the paper tries to study the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties figures in Nanjing area on the basis of classification, and summarizes the development and evolution of the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties in the Six Dynasties. The figures are in different periods, because of the change of the dynasties and the external culture. The influence of many factors, such as the introduction of elements and their own cultural changes, has changed in form and style.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K879.3

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