發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-15 22:26

  本文選題：三峽地區(qū) + 新石器時(shí)代��； 參考：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)江三峽地區(qū)是人類(lèi)發(fā)源地之一。距今約200萬(wàn)年前的巫山猿人就生活在位于今天三峽地區(qū)的重慶巫山縣,除此之外,三峽地區(qū)從距今約一萬(wàn)多年前至4000多年前的石器時(shí)代均有人類(lèi)生活的文化遺跡,特別在新石器時(shí)代人類(lèi)居住遺跡遺址數(shù)量最多、最為豐富。因此,對(duì)三峽地區(qū)新石器時(shí)代考古文化時(shí)期人類(lèi)發(fā)展及變遷的聚落形態(tài)和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究就顯得相當(dāng)重要。 新石器時(shí)代的三峽聚落從其分布范圍來(lái)看,城背溪文化時(shí)期的聚落主要分布在三峽地區(qū)西側(cè)的山前地帶和河谷地區(qū),聚落遺址的密集分布區(qū)集中在了枝城、宜都一帶,因?yàn)樵谠摰貐^(qū),經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的發(fā)展、演變,逐漸形成了聚落群團(tuán),但是該時(shí)期的聚落主要呈散點(diǎn)式分布,從大范圍來(lái)看似乎存在著類(lèi)似于早期聚落群團(tuán)的分布模式,而實(shí)際上,此時(shí)的聚落發(fā)展并不充分。大溪文化時(shí)期的聚落主要分布在三峽地區(qū)的西側(cè)山前地帶和東側(cè)平原地區(qū),聚落遺址的密集分布區(qū)則集中在了枝江關(guān)廟山為中心的東側(cè)平原地帶。此時(shí)的聚落發(fā)展處于逐漸細(xì)化的階段,聚落內(nèi)部主要功能區(qū)如居址區(qū)、墓葬區(qū)、宗教祭祀?yún)^(qū)以及早期手工作坊區(qū)等均有較為清晰地布局和規(guī)劃。屈家?guī)X文化時(shí)期的聚落則發(fā)展更為充分,規(guī)模愈加龐大,分布更加廣泛,聚落遺址遍及整個(gè)長(zhǎng)江三峽地區(qū),特別是在峽東地區(qū)的長(zhǎng)江中游平原地帶如江漢平原形成了聚落密集區(qū)。石家河文化時(shí)期的聚落發(fā)展成為三峽地區(qū)新石器時(shí)代聚落發(fā)展的頂峰時(shí)期,盡管該時(shí)期處于三峽地區(qū)的聚落遺址規(guī)模不甚龐大,但是從大量的考古發(fā)掘報(bào)告來(lái)看,位于三峽東部地區(qū),特別是江漢平原和兩湖流域出現(xiàn)了大型的聚落遺址群,而且出現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)江中游早期城市文明萌芽,如石家河古城等。 從社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)上看,三峽地區(qū)新石器時(shí)代的這種聚落文化分布區(qū)域的逐步擴(kuò)大表明,在該時(shí)期三峽地區(qū)的人口在不斷增多,聚落規(guī)模逐漸擴(kuò)大,聚落分布空間在地域范圍內(nèi)也在逐級(jí)擴(kuò)大。從大溪文化中后期至屈家?guī)X文化前期是人類(lèi)社會(huì)由早期的母系氏族向父系氏族社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)度時(shí)期,在此過(guò)程中由于經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)變而促進(jìn)了勞動(dòng)力主體從女性向男性的轉(zhuǎn)變,除此之外,人類(lèi)在意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域即宗教祭祀方面也出現(xiàn)了文明進(jìn)化。
[Abstract]:The three Gorges region of the Yangtze River is one of the birthplaces of human beings.About 2 million years ago, the Wushan Man lived in Wushan County, Chongqing, which is located in the three Gorges region today. In addition, there were cultural relics of human life in the three Gorges region from about 10,000 years ago to the Stone Age more than 4000 years ago.Especially in the Neolithic Age, the largest number of human living sites, the most abundant.Therefore, it is very important to study the settlement form and social structure of human development and change in the Neolithic archaeological culture period in the three Gorges area.From its distribution scope, the settlement of the three Gorges in the Neolithic Age was mainly distributed in the mountain front and valley areas in the western side of the three Gorges area, and the dense distribution areas of settlement sites were concentrated in Zhicheng and Yidu areas.Because in this area, after a long period of development and evolution, gradually formed a cluster of settlements, but the settlement of this period mainly distributed in the form of scattered points, from a large scale it seems to exist similar to the early cluster of the distribution of patterns, but in fact,The settlement development was not sufficient at this time.During the period of Daxi Culture, settlements were mainly distributed in the west front of the three Gorges area and the eastern plain, and the dense distribution area of settlement sites was concentrated in the eastern plain of Guanmiao Mountain, Zhijiang River.At this time, the settlement development is in the stage of gradual refinement, the main functional areas within the settlement such as residential areas, burial areas, religious sacrificial areas and early manual workshop areas have a relatively clear layout and planning.The settlement in the Qujialing period was more fully developed, larger and more widely distributed, and the settlement sites spread throughout the three Gorges region of the Yangtze River.Especially in the middle reaches of Yangtze River, such as Jianghan Plain, a settlement area is formed in the east part of the Yangtze River.The settlement development of Shijiahe culture period became the pinnacle of the Neolithic settlement development in the three Gorges area. Although the settlement site in the three Gorges area was not very large in this period, it was seen from a large number of archaeological excavation reports.In the eastern part of the three Gorges, especially in the Jianghan Plain and the two Lake basins, there are large settlement sites, and the early urban civilization sprout in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, such as the ancient city of Shijiahe.In terms of social structure, the gradual expansion of the Neolithic region of the three Gorges region shows that the population of the three Gorges region was increasing and the scale of the settlement was gradually expanding during that period.Settlement distribution space in the geographical scope is also expanding step by step.From the middle and late stage of Tahsi culture to the early stage of Qujialing culture, the transition period of human society from the early matriarchal clan to the patrilineal clan society, and the transformation of labor force subject from female to male was promoted by the change of economic structure in this process.In addition, human beings in the ideological field, that is, religious sacrifice also appeared civilization evolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K878

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