發(fā)布時間：2018-04-14 00:17

  本文選題：新石器-青銅時代 + 歐亞大陸　； 參考：《中國科學(xué):地球科學(xué)》2017年05期

【摘要】：歐亞大陸東西方文化交流的歷史是廣受關(guān)注的科學(xué)問題,考古證據(jù)顯示至少可追溯至青銅時代早期,但具體的時間和路線并不清楚.文化交流過程伴隨著農(nóng)作物的傳播與交換,相對于考古遺物,農(nóng)作物遺存鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確且可精確定年,是研究文化交流過程的理想材料.本文總結(jié)和對比了歐亞大陸史前遺址的植物大遺存鑒定和直接測年數(shù)據(jù),以及人骨碳同位素分析結(jié)果,系統(tǒng)梳理了東亞起源的農(nóng)作物粟黍西傳,西亞起源的農(nóng)作物小麥和大麥東傳,及其相互匯聚的時空過程.結(jié)合其他考古材料,探討史前歐亞大陸東西方文化交流的過程.結(jié)果顯示,約10500a BP起源于西亞地區(qū)的小麥和大麥在8000a BP之前傳入歐洲和中亞西部,4500~4000a BP傳入中亞東部和中國西北地區(qū).粟黍在7700a BP之前馴化于中國北方,4500~4000a BP傳入中亞東部,3500a BP后傳入西亞和歐洲.約4400a BP在中亞東部的哈薩克斯坦地區(qū)出現(xiàn)黍和小麥、大麥同時利用的跡象,可能是東西方文化元素最早匯聚的地區(qū).4500~3500a BP粟黍和麥類作物混合利用的現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在中亞東部和中國西北地區(qū),其后擴(kuò)散至歐亞大陸的東西兩側(cè).上述研究暗示跨大陸東西方文化交流可能始于距今5千紀(jì),在青銅時代得到強(qiáng)化,為漢代的絲綢之路的開鑿奠定了重要的基礎(chǔ).
[Abstract]:The history of cultural exchanges between the East and the West in Eurasia is a subject of great concern. Archaeological evidence suggests that it dates back at least to the early Bronze Age, but the exact timing and route are unclear.The process of cultural exchange is accompanied by the spread and exchange of crops. Compared with archaeological relics, the identification standard of crop remains is clear and accurate, and it is an ideal material for studying the process of cultural exchange.This paper summarizes and compares the large plant remains and direct dating data of prehistoric sites in Eurasia, as well as the results of carbon isotope analysis of human bone, and systematically combs the westward transmission of millet millet, which originated in East Asia.Wheat and barley originated in West Asia propagate eastward and converge with each other in time and space.Combining with other archaeological materials, this paper discusses the process of cultural exchange between East and West in prehistoric Eurasia.The results show that wheat and barley originated from West Asia were introduced into Europe and west central Asia before 8000a BP and 4000a BP from west central Asia and northwestern China.Millet millet was domesticated before 7700a BP at 4500A BP in northern China, then introduced to the eastern part of Central Asia 3500a BP, then into Western Asia and Europe.About 4400a BP is showing signs of millet and wheat and barley being used simultaneously in Kazakhstan in eastern Central Asia.It is possible that the mixed utilization of millet millet and wheat crops occurred mainly in the eastern part of Central Asia and northwest China, and then spread to the east and west sides of Eurasia.These studies suggest that the cultural exchanges between the East and the West across the continent may have started in the 5000 years ago and were strengthened in the Bronze Age, which laid an important foundation for the construction of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty.
【作者單位】： 蘭州大學(xué)西部環(huán)境教育部重點實驗室 蘭州大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國人民大學(xué)歷史學(xué)院;甘肅省文物考古研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(批準(zhǔn)號:41620104007和41671077) 國家社會科學(xué)基金重大項目(編號:12&ZD151) 蘭州大學(xué)中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項資金(編號:LZUJBKY-2015-K09)資助
【分類號】：K11;K86

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