本文選題：體質(zhì)人類學(xué)　切入點：磨溝墓地　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：磨溝墓地位于甘南地區(qū)的洮河流域，從地理位置上來看，此地西通新疆，東連關(guān)中，北接大漠，是中原地區(qū)與少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的交接地域，是農(nóng)業(yè)文化與游牧文化的結(jié)合部。大量的考古和人類學(xué)的證據(jù)證明，在秦漢以前，新疆地區(qū)便生活有西方高加索人種的居民，其東界臨的黃河流域自古即為蒙古人種居民繁衍生息之地。而且齊家文化時期是甘青地區(qū)新石器時代與青銅時代的過渡時期，這一時期的考古學(xué)文化以及經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)方式都發(fā)生了較大的變化。這樣的地理位置、時間段以及周鄰地區(qū)的古代種族環(huán)境，使得對磨溝墓地古代居民種族屬性的研究具有十分重要的意義。 本文運用人口學(xué)、人種學(xué)、測量學(xué)、古病理學(xué)和營養(yǎng)學(xué)等多種科學(xué)方法及手段，對磨溝墓地古代居民的骨骼標(biāo)本進(jìn)行了綜合性研究。結(jié)果表明，磨溝墓地中的齊家文化和寺洼文化居民在體質(zhì)特征上一脈相承，共同組成了磨溝居民，其從顱骨形態(tài)上看屬于亞洲蒙古人種范疇，與現(xiàn)代亞洲蒙古人種中的東亞類型十分接近。 依托體質(zhì)人類學(xué)的研究手段并結(jié)合考古學(xué)上的發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者對磨溝組居民尤其是占主體的齊家文化居民的來源和流向進(jìn)行了分析，認(rèn)為其在“古西北類型”中處于承上啟下的位置，承襲甘青地區(qū)新石器時代居民的體質(zhì)特征，對后來的青銅時代文化居民尤其是寺洼文化、四壩文化和辛店文化居民體質(zhì)特征上產(chǎn)生了重要影響，，并且可能向東影響到關(guān)中地區(qū)、內(nèi)蒙古中南部地區(qū)和中原地區(qū)古代居民的體質(zhì)特征。在此基礎(chǔ)上，作者認(rèn)為甘青地區(qū)古代居民對以北方漢族為典型代表的現(xiàn)代華北居民的歷史形成做出了重要的遺傳學(xué)貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The maogou cemetery is located in the Taohe River basin in Gannan region. From a geographical point of view, this area connects Xinjiang to the west, Guanzhong to the east and the desert to the north, which is the junction area between the Central Plains and the minority areas. It is the combination of agricultural culture and nomadic culture. A great deal of archaeological and anthropological evidence proves that before the Qin and Han dynasties, there were residents of Western Caucasians living in Xinjiang. Since ancient times, the Yellow River Valley near the eastern boundary of the Yellow River has been the place where the Mongolians lived. Moreover, the period of Qijia Culture was the transitional period between the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in the Ganqing region. Great changes have taken place in archaeological culture and economic production during this period. It is of great significance to study the racial attribute of ancient inhabitants in Mogou cemetery. In this paper, the bone specimens of the ancient inhabitants of Mogou cemetery were studied by using various scientific methods and means, such as demography, ethnography, surveying, paleopathology and nutrition. The inhabitants of Qijia culture and Siwa culture in Mogou graveyard are closely related to each other in their physique characteristics and form the inhabitants of Mogou, which belong to the category of Asian Mongolian people from the aspect of skull shape, and are very close to the East Asian type of modern Asian Mongolian race. Based on the research methods of physical anthropology and archaeological findings, the author analyzes the origin and direction of the Mogou group residents, especially the Qijia culture residents, who are the main members of the group. It is considered that it is in the position of connecting the past and the following in the "Ancient Northwest Type", and inherits the physique characteristics of the Neolithic residents in Ganqing area, and the later Bronze Age culture residents, especially the Siwa culture. The physical characteristics of residents of Siba culture and Xindian culture have had an important influence on the physical characteristics of ancient residents in Guanzhong region, central and southern Inner Mongolia and Central Plains. The author believes that the ancient inhabitants of Ganqing area have made important genetic contributions to the formation of modern North China residents, who are represented by the Han nationality in the north.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：Q981;K878.8

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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2 張旭;朱泓;;試論甘青地區(qū)古代居民體質(zhì)特征對華夏族形成的影響[J];中原文物;2014年01期

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