本文選題：宋瓷　切入點(diǎn)：汝窯　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 宋代制瓷業(yè)在中國古代瓷業(yè)發(fā)展史上占有重要地位。其突破了唐代“南青北白”的瓷業(yè)發(fā)展布局,形成了窯系林立,產(chǎn)品多樣的繁盛景象。其中尤以汝窯、修內(nèi)司窯和郊壇窯三個窯口最具代表性。這三個窯口在技術(shù)上存在著傳承的關(guān)系。在胎釉結(jié)構(gòu)上,修內(nèi)司窯和郊壇窯繼承了汝窯使用石灰堿性乳濁釉的傳統(tǒng),燒制出了玉質(zhì)感強(qiáng)烈的瓷器。在器類器型上,修內(nèi)司窯和郊壇窯除了繼續(xù)燒制生活用器,還根據(jù)皇室祭祀的需要,燒制了大量的仿古代銅質(zhì)禮器形制的瓷器。在窯爐結(jié)構(gòu)上,修內(nèi)司窯和郊壇窯也繼承了汝窯的馬蹄形窯爐形制,并在此基礎(chǔ)之上,根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐牡匦螚l件和燒瓷傳統(tǒng),使用了龍窯形制的窯爐。在裝燒方式上發(fā)展了汝窯以支燒為主的方式,并根據(jù)新技術(shù)的發(fā)展需要,合理使用支燒和墊燒的裝燒工藝。此外,汝窯不同于同時代的定窯、耀州窯的“貢窯”性質(zhì),也不同于修內(nèi)司窯和郊壇窯完全的“官窯”屬性,是從民窯到官窯轉(zhuǎn)型的一個過渡性窯口。用料講究,窯爐結(jié)構(gòu)合理,瓷坯素?zé)夹g(shù)的使用均體現(xiàn)出汝窯的生產(chǎn)確實(shí)受到了官府的介入,具有一定的官窯屬性。而修內(nèi)司窯和郊壇窯的情況則完全不同,其所產(chǎn)瓷器中有大量的祭祀禮器,這些禮器只在重大的典禮上方會使用,民間不可能流通,這就凸顯出兩個窯口的官窯屬性。因此從汝窯到郊壇窯的傳遞實(shí)質(zhì)上也是官窯制度逐步發(fā)展成熟的過程。官窯瓷器代表了當(dāng)時燒制技術(shù)的最高水平,這其中也凝結(jié)了窯工們的智慧結(jié)晶。在促進(jìn)官窯品質(zhì)提高的同時也促進(jìn)了民窯的技術(shù)進(jìn)步,從而為宋代瓷業(yè)的整體繁榮奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The porcelain industry of Song Dynasty occupies an important position in the development history of Chinese ancient porcelain industry. It broke through the development layout of porcelain industry in the Tang Dynasty "Southern Qing and Northern White", and formed a prosperous scene of kiln system and various products, especially the Yu kiln. Xionesi and Jiudan kilns are the most representative of the three kilns, which have a technical heritage. In terms of the glaze structure, Xionesi and Jiudan kilns have inherited the tradition of using lime alkaline opacified glaze in the Ruyao kiln. Porcelain with strong jade texture was produced. In the ware type, Xionesi Kiln and Jiao Tan Kiln, in addition to continuing to burn appliances for daily use, also burned a large number of porcelain similar to ancient copper ceremonial objects according to the needs of royal sacrifices. In the structure of the kiln, Xionesi and Jiudan kilns also inherited the horseshoe shape of the Ruyao kiln, and on this basis, according to the local terrain conditions and the porcelain burning tradition, the kiln with the shape of the long kiln was used. In addition, the Yu kiln is different from the contemporary Ding kiln, the Yaizhou kiln's "tribute kiln" property, and the complete "official kiln" attribute of Xiuenshi kiln and Jiao Tan kiln, according to the development needs of the new technology. It is a transitional kiln entrance in the transition from the civilian kiln to the official kiln. The use of materials, the reasonable structure of the kiln, and the use of porcelain billet burning technology all reflect that the production of the Ru kiln has indeed been involved by the government. It has certain attributes of official kilns. The situation of Xionesi Kiln and Jiao Tan Kiln is completely different. There are a large number of sacrificial ritual utensils in the porcelain they produce, which will only be used at the top of major ceremonies, and it is impossible for the people to circulate. This highlights the attributes of the two kilns. Therefore, the transfer from the Ruyao kiln to the Jiao Tan kiln is, in essence, a process in which the official kiln system gradually developed and matured. The official kiln porcelain represented the highest level of firing technology at that time. It also condensed the wisdom of kiln workers. It not only promoted the quality of official kilns, but also promoted the technological progress of civilian kilns, which laid a solid foundation for the overall prosperity of porcelain industry in Song Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K876.3

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