本文關(guān)鍵詞： 寨堡 白蓮教 寨勇 堅壁清野　出處：《西華師范大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在巴蜀大地至今存留著數(shù)以千計的山城寨堡,這些歷史遺存是宋元以來抵抗蒙古入川、躲避戰(zhàn)亂和匪患而修筑起來的,其中清朝嘉慶年間白蓮教在川東暴動是嘉陵江以東區(qū)域大量寨堡修建的直接推動力。白蓮教起事之初,這一區(qū)域鄉(xiāng)紳百姓吸取“建寨避亂”的歷史經(jīng)驗修筑寨堡、開鑿巖穴以自保,興建了一些寨子。后來,清政府下令各地廣修城寨,即所謂“堅壁清野,筑寨團練”,于是原來自發(fā)的建寨行為變成了國家普修寨堡、大辦練團的統(tǒng)一行動。這些寨堡以宗族修建為最多,有一個家庭修筑的,有一大姓氏修筑的,還有幾大姓氏同建的;以農(nóng)村基層修建為次,有村社修筑的,有鄉(xiāng)里修筑的,還有州縣修筑的。同時,白蓮教軍亦占據(jù)不少寨堡,有從鄉(xiāng)紳百姓手中搶奪過來的,也有是教軍自己修建的基地性城寨。這些城寨往往成為清教兩軍爭奪的重要目標。白蓮教暴動以后,這一區(qū)域的寨堡仍然沒有徹底荒廢。每遇戰(zhàn)亂,如太平天國運動、李藍暴動、軍閥混戰(zhàn)以及小范圍內(nèi)的匪患,這些寨堡再次成當?shù)乇茏o之所。到和平年代,大部分寨堡被廢棄了,僅有少部分寨堡仍然在被利用,或改造成家族祠堂,或整修成宗教場所,或改建成學堂校舍,或留作居民房屋。在今天,這些寨堡則是這一區(qū)域內(nèi)重要的文化旅游資源。
[Abstract]:Thousands of mountain fortresses remain in the land of Bashu. These historical relics have been built since the Song and Yuan dynasties against Mongolians entering Sichuan, avoiding war and banditry. During the Qing Dynasty and Jiaqing period, the uprising of Bai Lianism in eastern Sichuan was the direct driving force for the construction of a large number of walled castles in the area east of the Jialing River. At the beginning of the Bailian religion, the gentry of this region learned from the historical experience of "building villages and avoiding chaos" to build forts. Digging up rock caverns for self-preservation, some stockades were built. Later, the Qing government ordered various localities to extensively build cities and villages, that is, the so-called "strong walls, clearing the wild, building villages," so that the original spontaneous act of building villages became the state's common fortress. The majority of these walled castles were built by the clans, with one family building, one family name built, and several surnames built together; the rural grassroots units were the second, the village co-operatives and the townships built. There are also prefectures and counties to be built. At the same time, the White Lotus religious Army also occupies many walled castles, some of which have been snatched from the hands of the gentry and the common people. Some of them are the base towns built by the Uefa Army itself. These villages have often become an important target for the Puritans and the Puritans. After the Baelian uprising, the fortresses in this area were still not completely abandoned. Whenever there was war, such as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, Li Lan rioting, warlords fighting and petty banditry, these fortresses once again became local fortresses. In peacetime, most of them were abandoned, and only a few were still being used or converted into family ancestral halls. They have been renovated into religious sites, converted into school buildings, or kept as residential houses. Today, these walled castles are an important cultural tourist resource in the region.
【學位授予單位】：西華師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K878

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