發(fā)布時間：2018-02-09 18:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 夢字 王卜辭 非王卜辭　出處：《河北師范大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：殷墟甲骨卜辭中的夢字,共有28個,大致分為三類:強調(diào)眉目造型的夢字,強調(diào)身軀各部位扭曲的夢字,強調(diào)汗水涔涔的夢字。 王卜辭中的夢卜辭共213條,依據(jù)夢象可以分為九大類,這九大類是:(1)、人物類;(2)、自然現(xiàn)象類;(3)、行為活動類;(4)、實物類;(5)、疾病類;(6)、災(zāi)異類;(7)、飛禽走獸類;(8)、鬼夢類;(9)、其他類。 非王卜辭中的夢卜辭共30條,依據(jù)夢象共分為五類,這五類分別是:(1)、人物類;(2)、禳夢類;(3)、鬼夢類;(4)、不可識字類;(5)、其他類。 商人的占卜方式,分正面貞問與反面貞問兩種。但無論是反面貞問,還是正面貞問,都反映了商人不是只有兇夢觀,還存在吉夢觀。 王卜辭中夢的占卜主體是王。這些王卜辭中的夢反映了商代社會各方面的情況,政治方面:王權(quán)集中的程度不高,王對臣的依賴還很重,尤其是身邊近臣;從武丁到帝辛,奴隸暴動一直存在,成為導致商滅亡的內(nèi)在原因之一;戰(zhàn)爭發(fā)生的頻率很高。信仰方面:祖先、已故先人以及鬼是導致商王日常做夢的原因之一;鬼與殷人崇拜的祖先神是一體的,作為祖先神代稱的“鬼”,其作用不僅是保佑王,也降災(zāi)禍于王。生活方面:商代晚期妻妾貴賤之分的觀念尚處于萌芽狀態(tài);當時人們對疾病種類的劃分已很精細;飲食結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,生活水平、醫(yī)療水平落后。祭祀方面:商晚期舉行祭祀的種類有御祭、舌祭、雍祭、鼓祭等多種類型;丁人可能是舉行人祭時所用人牲來源之一;殷人具有強烈的寶玉觀念,對玉的使用極其講究,可能存在用玉祭天的情況。農(nóng)牧業(yè)方面:商晚期已擁有較豐富的農(nóng)作物種類;畜牧業(yè)、家畜業(yè)已具備了較高的水平,且物種較齊全。心理方面:商人不僅有兇夢,還有吉夢,并且吉夢觀逐漸趨于成熟;當時夢作為一種潛意識已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出與身體感官變化之間的密切關(guān)系。 非王卜辭中夢的占卜主體是子。這些非王卜辭中的夢反應(yīng)了商晚期貴族階層的社會生活狀況,人物關(guān)系方面:經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在子夢境中的祖先多為其直系祖先,很少有王的祖先;“丁”可能為武丁,也有可能為死去的丁,與子可能是父子關(guān)系;妣庚和子可能是祖孫關(guān)系; (?)可能為子集團里活著的重要人物或者為已故的祖先。祭祀方面:“告夢”是子十分注重的一種祭祀儀式,在非王卜辭的夢卜辭中,告夢占有很大的比例。信仰方面:子認為鬼是自己祖先的化身,認為鬼夢帶來災(zāi)禍,所以舉行禳夢儀式,以求保佑。 王與非王卜辭中的夢及其反映的問題存在諸多相同點:一、王與非王卜辭中的夢卜辭絕大多數(shù)屬于武丁時期。二、二者的夢觀相同,除了都有兇夢觀,還都存在吉夢觀,并且吉夢觀逐漸趨于成熟。三、二者都存在人物、鬼怪等夢象。 王與非王卜辭中的夢及其反映的問題存在諸多不同:一、王與非王卜辭中的夢卜辭數(shù)量差距懸殊。王卜辭中的夢卜辭不僅數(shù)量大,而且種類多。而非王卜辭中的夢卜辭數(shù)量既小,種類又少。二、王擁有龐大的占卜機構(gòu)和貞人集團,而子雖然也有占卜機構(gòu)與貞人,但其規(guī)模和數(shù)量與王相比,都要小得多、少得多。三、王與子所關(guān)心的事情不同。王關(guān)心的多是政治、軍事等諸方面較高層次的國家大事,而且范圍較大。與之相反,子關(guān)心的事情主要是層次較低的生活方面,且多是家族內(nèi)部的事情。四、王與子擁有各自獨立的祭祀系統(tǒng)。五、非王卜辭中的禳夢形式——告祭是祭祀的主體,但王卜辭中的禳夢形式是以配祭的方式出現(xiàn)的。 王與非王卜辭中夢及其反應(yīng)的問題,無論相同方面,還是不同方面,都使我們對于商晚期社會狀況與思想的認識,較之前人更深入了一步。
[Abstract]:The oracle bones in the dream, a total of 28, roughly divided into three categories: such as the shape of emphasizing the dream words, emphasizing different parts of the body twisted dream words, stressed the sweat dream word.
Wang dream inscriptions were 213, on the basis of dream can be divided into nine categories, these nine categories are: (1), (2), character; natural phenomena; (3), activities; (4), material; (5), disease (6); that kind of calamity; (7), the birds go mammals; (8), the ghost dream; (9), other classes.
Non Wang dream inscriptions were 30, on the basis of dreaming is divided into five categories, the five categories are: (1), character; (2), let the dream; (3), the ghost dream; (4), no literacy class, other classes (5);.
There are two ways of divination of merchants. They are divided into positive and negative questions. However, whether they are negative questions or positive questions, they all reflect that businessmen are not only fierce dreams, but also exist in their dreams.
In Wang inscriptions dream divination is the subject of the king. These dreams in Wang inscriptions reflect various aspects of the society, politics: the crown concentration degree is not high, Wang Duichen's dependence is also very heavy, especially one side; from Wuding to di Xin, slave revolt has always existed, as one of the internal causes taking the demise of the war; the frequency is very high. Faith: ancestors, deceased ancestors and ghosts is one of the leading causes of Wang's dreams; the ghost and the Yin people worship of ancestor god is one, as the ancestor god on behalf of the "ghost", its role is not only to bless the king, evil to the king life: the late Shang Dynasty wives the concept is still in the bud; when people divide the types of diseases has been very fine; unreasonable diet structure, living standard, medical level backward. Sacrifice type of late Shang sacrifices the imperial sacrifices, tongue Ji Yong, offering Drum Festival and other types; America may be held at the sacrifice of human sacrifice of yin; people have a strong sense of the concept of use of jade jade, jade is extremely exquisite, there may be a heaven. Farming and animal husbandry: Shang period have crop species rich; animal husbandry livestock, has a higher level, and the species is complete. The psychological aspect: businessmen not only have bad dream, dream and dream and Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan concept gradually mature; the dream as a subconscious has shown a close relationship with the sensory changes of the body.
Non Wang bones dream divination is the main promoter. These non Wang inscriptions in the dream reflects the social life in late Shang aristocracy, the relationship between the characters: often appear in the sub dream ancestors for their immediate ancestors, little Wang De ancestors; "Ding" may be Wuding, it is also possible for the dead Ding, and may be the relationship between father and son; the son is probably Geng and their relations; (?) important person might live in sub group or for the deceased ancestors. Sacrifice: "tell the dream" is an important sacrificial ceremony for Zi, Wang Bu speech in non dream inscriptions. Dream to account for a large proportion of faith: that the ghost is the embodiment of their ancestors, that ghost dream bring disaster, so they held a ceremony to dream, bless.
King and no dreams in Wang inscriptions and the problems of many similarities: a king and no king dream inscriptions belong to the vast majority of Wuding period. Two, two people have the same dream view, in addition to the view of hideous dreams, there are dreams and dream Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan view, outlook gradually become mature. Three two, there are people, ghosts like a dream.
There is a king and no king of the oracle inscriptions and the problems reflected in many different dream: a dream divination of the gap between the number of king and no king of the oracle inscriptions disparity. Wang dream inscriptions not only quantity, but also many kinds. Rather than the number of Wang dream inscriptions only small species and less. Two, Wang Yong has a huge the divination mechanism and a group of Ching, and although there are institutions and Ching divination, but its size and quantity compared with the king, are much smaller and much less. Three, the king and son concern. The king is more concerned about the political, military and other aspects of a higher level of state affairs moreover, a larger range. On the contrary, the main thing is concerned about the low level of life, mostly within the family. In four, king and son have their own separate sacrificial system. Five, non Wang inscriptions in the form of Xiang Meng - is the main part of sacrifice, but in Wang inscriptions let the dream Form appears in the way of offering sacrifices.
Dream and reaction in Wang inscriptions king and no problems, no matter the same, or different, make our understanding of late Shang social status and ideology, deeper than previous step.

【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K877.1

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