本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于地貌與第四紀(jì)方法的良渚古城研究　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 太湖流域 良渚古城 中全新世 良渚文化 物源

【摘要】：位于杭嘉湖平原西南部的良渚—瓶窯一帶是太湖流域良渚文化代表性遺址集中區(qū),2007年發(fā)現(xiàn)的良渚古城即位于該區(qū)。本文以良渚古城為主要研究對(duì)象,在野外調(diào)查和采樣的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用地貌學(xué)和第四紀(jì)方法對(duì)古城墻(人工堆積)及周邊地貌特征開(kāi)展了一系列研究,初步結(jié)論如下： (1)良渚古城四處城墻發(fā)掘遺址具有相似的修筑結(jié)構(gòu),自下而上依次是生土層→墊土層→墊石層→夯土層,反映了古城在整體上的一致性和同時(shí)性。其中北城墻遺址保存最為完好,殘存墻體高出周邊農(nóng)田近4m；西、南城墻遭受侵蝕,與周圍農(nóng)田齊平。良渚古城地區(qū)現(xiàn)代平原面與東苕溪多年平均水位在高程上幾乎持平,但比良渚遺址生活面高出1-2m,反映了中全新世以來(lái)本區(qū)的地貌變化過(guò)程。 (2)城墻人工堆積主要指城墻土狀堆積,包括夯土層和墊土層。以北城墻為例：夯土層各層以粘土質(zhì)粉砂為主,粘土、粉砂、砂平均含量分別是33.64%、63.53%和2.84%,磁化率變化范圍是10.29-50.43×10-8m3kg-1,平均值為23.35×10-8m3kg-1,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量低,TOC平均值0.29%；墊土層也是粘土質(zhì)粉砂,粘土、粉砂、砂含量分別是31.3%、66.2%和2.5%,磁化率值為7.46×10-8m3kg-1,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高,TOC為4.52%。北城墻墊土層顏色深、粘性大,具有較強(qiáng)的粘附性和不透水性,對(duì)穩(wěn)固城墻基底起到了很重要的作用,這與其較高的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量可能有很大關(guān)系。 (3)城墻夯土層樣品與饅頭山樣品在粒度組成、粒度概率曲線、磁化率值、TOC、穩(wěn)定元素和氧化物含量、粘土礦物組合等指標(biāo)上非常相似,而與平原區(qū)土層的③層土和④層土有明顯的差別,這表明城墻人工堆積的物質(zhì)主要來(lái)源于附近的自然土丘。而西城墻底部生土層頂和WW1孔生土層頂?shù)臉?biāo)高差異則說(shuō)明“就近取土”也可能是城墻人工堆積的取材方式之一。 (4)良渚古城修筑的相對(duì)年代介于良渚文化時(shí)期和黃粉土層形成之間,主要判斷依據(jù)如下：1)城墻的基底是該區(qū)廣泛分布的生土層,在遺址區(qū)生土層是各類良渚文化遺址的下伏地層,而其在非遺址區(qū)其上則覆蓋著黃粉土層；2)饅頭山、馬金口的堆積特征與平原區(qū)土層不同,從標(biāo)高上判斷它們?cè)诹间疚幕瘯r(shí)期就已經(jīng)存在,而饅頭山與城墻人工堆積的物源相近,說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)還存在同類別的土丘作為城墻人工堆積的直接物源；3)北城墻外側(cè)的堆積物從產(chǎn)狀和實(shí)驗(yàn)指標(biāo)上判斷是城墻墻體在重力和人工營(yíng)力作用下形成的坡積層,而在其中發(fā)現(xiàn)有良渚時(shí)期的碎陶片和植物灰燼；4)北城墻坡積層之上覆蓋著黃粉土層,再之上則是現(xiàn)代耕作層和歷史耕作層,在考古發(fā)現(xiàn)在歷史耕作層中含有春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期文物,由此說(shuō)明良渚古城至少修建于春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)之前。
[Abstract]:Liangzhu-Pingyao area located in the southwest of Hangzhou and Jiahu plain is the representative site of Liangzhu culture in Taihu basin. The ancient Liangzhu city discovered in 2007 is located in this area. The main research object of this paper is Liangzhu ancient city. On the basis of field investigation and sampling, a series of studies were carried out on the ancient city wall (artificial accumulation) and its surrounding geomorphological features by using geomorphology and Quaternary methods. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: Liangzhu ancient city wall excavation site has a similar construction structure, from bottom to top is the raw soil layer 鈫扖ushion soil. 鈫扖ushion layer. 鈫扵he rammed earth layer reflects the consistency and synchronism of the ancient city as a whole. The site of the north wall is the best preserved, and the remaining wall is nearly 4m higher than the surrounding farmland. The west and south walls are eroded and level with the surrounding farmland. The average water level of the modern plain and Dongtiaoxi in the ancient city area of Liangzhu is almost equal in elevation, but it is 1-2m higher than that of Liangzhu ruins. It reflects the geomorphologic change process of this area since the Middle Holocene. (2) artificial accumulation of wall mainly refers to the accumulation of soil in the wall, including rammed soil layer and cushion soil layer. To the north of the wall, clay silt is the main layer of rammed soil layer, and clay and silt are the main layers of rammed soil layer. The average content of sand is 33.643.53% and 2.84%, respectively, and the variation range of magnetic susceptibility is 10.29-50.43 脳 10 ~ (-8) m ~ (-3) kg ~ (-1). The average value is 23.35 脳 10 ~ (-8) m ~ (-3) kg ~ (-1) and the average value of TOC is 0.29. The contents of clay silt, clay, silt and sand are 31.36.2% and 2.5 respectively, the magnetic susceptibility is 7.46 脳 10 ~ (-8) m ~ (-3) kg ~ (-1) and the content of organic matter is high. The TOC is 4.52. The soil layer of the north wall is dark in color, large in viscosity, strong in adhesion and impermeability, which plays an important role in stabilizing the base of the wall. This may have much to do with its high organic matter content. (3) the sample of rammed soil layer of the wall is very similar to the sample of steamed bread mountain in terms of granularity composition, probability curve of granularity, magnetic susceptibility value (TOC), stable element and oxide content, clay mineral combination and so on. But there are obvious differences between the three layers of soil and four layers of soil in the plain area. This indicates that the artificially accumulated material of the wall mainly comes from the nearby natural mounds, while the elevation difference between the top of the living soil layer at the bottom of the west wall and the top of the WW1 hole soil layer indicates that "the nearest soil is taken." It may also be one of the ways to collect materials from the artificial accumulation of the walls. 4) the relative age of the ancient Liangzhu city is between the Liangzhu culture period and the formation of the yellow silt soil layer. The main judgment is based on the following: 1) the base of the wall is the widely distributed natural soil layer in this area. The underlying strata of Liangzhu culture sites are the underlying soil layer in the site area, but it is covered with yellow powder soil layer in the non-site area. 2) the accumulation characteristics of mantou mountain and Majingkou are different from that of plain soil layer. Judging from elevation, they already existed in Liangzhu culture period, but the source of manmade accumulation between steamed bread mountain and wall was similar. At that time, there were also the same types of mounds as the direct source of artificial accumulation of the wall; 3) the accumulation outside the north wall is the slope layer formed by gravity and artificial force, and there are broken pottery and plant ash in Liangzhu period. 4) the north wall slope is covered with yellow silt layer, and on the top is the modern plough layer and the historical ploughing layer. In the archaeological discovery, there are cultural relics of the Spring and Autumn and warring States period in the historical tilling layer. This shows that Liangzhu ancient city at least built before the Spring and Autumn warring States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K878;P931

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