本文選題：美國(guó)公共利益集團(tuán)　切入點(diǎn)：民主政治　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 美國(guó)公共利益集團(tuán)作為美國(guó)社會(huì)一種極為獨(dú)特的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,在美國(guó)發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用。公共利益集團(tuán)引起了政治學(xué)家的興趣,對(duì)于他們的討論也一直充斥著各種不同的聲音。 所謂公共利益集團(tuán),是指那些由于共同的道德信仰所激勵(lì),為了謀求社會(huì)大眾的利益,致力于參與政府決策,影響政府行為的組織。公共利益集團(tuán)不同與美國(guó)其他利益集團(tuán)的重要特征是他們追求目標(biāo)的道德高尚性和代表利益的廣泛性。公共利益集團(tuán)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展都離不開(kāi)美國(guó)的民主政治。正是由于美國(guó)憲法第一修正案的保護(hù),公共利益集團(tuán)的存在便有了憲法基礎(chǔ)。美國(guó)政府是實(shí)行三權(quán)分立,擁有有限權(quán)力的聯(lián)邦制政府。這種縱橫交錯(cuò)的劃分使得任何單一政策的制定都分配到極小的政府權(quán)力源中,這也為公共利益集團(tuán)的政治參與活動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了廣闊的空間和絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)。美國(guó)公共利益集團(tuán)利用他們自身的優(yōu)勢(shì),積極把握民主政治所帶來(lái)的便益,充分利用各種資源,展開(kāi)游說(shuō)活動(dòng),從而參與政府決策,以傳遞廣大民眾的關(guān)切。 美國(guó)的民主政治因?yàn)楣怖婕瘓F(tuán)的積極參與而呈現(xiàn)出明顯的改善。大眾的政治覺(jué)悟提高,美國(guó)政府內(nèi)部政治決策不再局限于以往行政部門(mén),立法機(jī)構(gòu)及利益集團(tuán)構(gòu)成的“鐵三角”,而是形成了個(gè)人,團(tuán)體都可以充分參與并施加影響的政策決策機(jī)構(gòu)。 公共利益集團(tuán)與美國(guó)的民主政治相互依賴(lài),相互促進(jìn)。不過(guò)美中不足的是,都有改進(jìn)的空間。公共利益集團(tuán)的積極參與可以推進(jìn)美國(guó)的民主政治,但是由于眾多利益集團(tuán)肯定存在利益的差異,甚至沖突。這樣各個(gè)利益集團(tuán)相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng),最終不可避免地造成政治資源的損耗,減慢政府決策時(shí)間。而且很多公共利益集團(tuán)內(nèi)部決策過(guò)程缺乏民主,使得民意表達(dá)受到限制,引起公眾對(duì)他們代表公共利益的質(zhì)疑。美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)稅收法典的一些規(guī)定也在一定程度上限制了公共利益集團(tuán)的政治參與活動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:As a unique social phenomenon, American public interest group plays an increasingly important role in American society.Public interest groups have attracted the interest of political scientists, and discussions about them have been rife with different voices.The so-called public interest group refers to those organizations which are motivated by the common moral belief and are committed to participate in government decision-making and influence government behavior in order to seek the interests of the public.Different from other American interest groups, public interest groups are characterized by their pursuit of moral nobility and broad representation of interests.The emergence and development of public interest groups are inseparable from the democratic politics of the United States.Because of the protection of the first Amendment, the existence of public interest groups has a constitutional basis.The United States government is a federal government with limited powers and a separation of powers.This kind of crisscross division makes any single policy to be allocated to the extremely small government power source, which also creates the broad space and the excellent opportunity for the public interest group's political participation.Public interest groups in the United States take advantage of their own advantages, actively grasp the benefits brought about by democratic politics, make full use of all kinds of resources, carry out lobbying activities, and thus participate in government decisions in order to convey the concerns of the general public.Democracy in the United States has improved markedly because of the active participation of public interest groups.The political consciousness of the public has increased, and the internal political decisions of the US government are no longer confined to the "iron triangle" of the executive branch, legislature and interest groups in the past. Rather, they have formed an individual.Groups can fully participate in and exert influence on policy-making bodies.Public interest groups and American democracy are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.However, there is room for improvement.The active participation of public interest groups can promote democratic politics in the United States, but there must be differences of interests and even conflicts among many interest groups.The competition between different interest groups will inevitably lead to the loss of political resources and slow down the government's decision-making time.Moreover, the lack of democracy in the decision-making process of many public interest groups limits the expression of public opinion and raises public doubts about their representation of the public interest.Some provisions of the US Internal tax Code also restrict the political participation of public interest groups to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D771.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 羅自剛;;西方國(guó)家民意表達(dá)的社會(huì)化機(jī)制研究[J];太平洋學(xué)報(bào);2011年02期

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本文編號(hào)：1718412