【摘要】：在1945年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后遺留的分裂國(guó)家中,除了朝鮮半島之外,其他國(guó)家都已經(jīng)通過(guò)武力、協(xié)議或合并統(tǒng)一等多種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)一。韓國(guó)和朝鮮分裂的70年以來(lái),兩國(guó)差異愈發(fā)明顯,南北雙方政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的異質(zhì)化問(wèn)題愈發(fā)明顯和突出,在經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力上的差異高達(dá)37倍之多。1984年5月,中國(guó)在第六屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第二次會(huì)議上批準(zhǔn)了“一國(guó)兩制”的構(gòu)想。中國(guó)的“一國(guó)兩制”構(gòu)想即一個(gè)國(guó)家,兩種制度,是一個(gè)國(guó)家里共處兩種體系的政治制度。在“一國(guó)兩制”的體制下,認(rèn)同堅(jiān)持兩種體系、兩種生活方式、兩種法律體系和經(jīng)濟(jì)體系等,這種政治制度非常適用于異質(zhì)性濃厚的具有相反體系的國(guó)家。中國(guó)從英國(guó)手中收回香港已有18年,使用“一國(guó)兩制”之后,香港社會(huì)沒(méi)有大混亂發(fā)生,而且在保持資本主義體制下,中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)一。相比之下,朝鮮半島在分裂之后,南北雙方曾經(jīng)提出過(guò)許多統(tǒng)一方案。朝鮮在20世紀(jì)60年代就提出了“聯(lián)邦制”統(tǒng)一方案,并在此基礎(chǔ)上形成了較為系統(tǒng)的“高麗民主聯(lián)邦共和國(guó)”統(tǒng)一方案；而韓國(guó)在1980年代才提出了“民族共同體”統(tǒng)一方案。這兩種統(tǒng)一方案都以民族自主和平統(tǒng)一為目的。2000年朝鮮的金正日跟韓國(guó)總統(tǒng)金大中進(jìn)行了南北首腦會(huì)談,并在“615共同宣言”中主張“初級(jí)階段聯(lián)邦制”。2000年6月15日,南北領(lǐng)導(dǎo)通過(guò)協(xié)商之后發(fā)表了“615南北共同宣言”和“初級(jí)階段聯(lián)邦制”。南北雙方認(rèn)定了互相統(tǒng)一方案的共同點(diǎn),但是由于體制不同以及統(tǒng)一的主體差異,南北短時(shí)間內(nèi)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)和平統(tǒng)一。朝鮮所主張的高麗聯(lián)邦制在一定程度上與中國(guó)“一國(guó)兩制”的基本內(nèi)容類似,雖然韓國(guó)提出統(tǒng)一方案的最終目的是建立單一體制的韓國(guó),但韓國(guó)的統(tǒng)一方案也是先認(rèn)同兩個(gè)體制,之后逐漸融合為一個(gè)體制,跟中國(guó)的“一國(guó)兩制”有相似性。中國(guó)跟朝鮮半島的文化差異、分裂歷史等不同,而且南北之間國(guó)力差距、國(guó)際地位差異、對(duì)于分裂狀態(tài)的認(rèn)識(shí)、南北關(guān)系等許多方面也和中國(guó)的國(guó)情不同。雖然在實(shí)際上不能無(wú)條件地應(yīng)用“一國(guó)兩制”政策,但是“一國(guó)兩制”無(wú)疑給了朝鮮半島許多啟示。本論文聚焦于中國(guó)“一國(guó)兩制”制度給朝鮮半島的啟示,然后介紹“一國(guó)兩制”在朝鮮半島的適用辦法。
[Abstract]:Among the divided countries left over after the second World War in 1945, with the exception of the Korean peninsula, other countries have achieved reunification by force, agreement or merger and reunification. Since the division of South Korea and North Korea in the past 70 years, the differences between the two countries have become more obvious, and the political, economic, and cultural heterogeneity between the two sides has become more obvious and prominent, with 37 times the difference in economic strength. In May 1984, China approved the concept of "one country, two systems" at the second session of the sixth National people's Congress. China's concept of "one country, two systems" is a political system in which one country and two systems coexist. Under the system of "one country, two systems", we agree to adhere to two systems, two lifestyles, two legal systems and economic systems. This political system is very suitable for countries with strong heterogeneity and opposite systems. It has been 18 years since China withdrew Hong Kong from Britain. After using "one country, two systems", there has been no great chaos in Hong Kong society, and while maintaining the capitalist system, China has achieved reunification. By contrast, after the split of the Korean peninsula, the North and the South have put forward many reunification plans. North Korea put forward the "federal system" reunification plan in the 1960s, and on this basis formed a more systematic "Korean Democratic Federal Republic" reunification plan, while South Korea only put forward the "national community" reunification plan in the 1980s. Both of these reunification schemes are aimed at national independence and peaceful reunification. In 2000, Kim Jong Il of North Korea and South Korean President Kim Tae-jung held North-South summit talks with South Korean President Kim Tae-jung, and advocated "primary federalism" in the "615 Common Declaration." on June 15, 2000, the North-South leaders issued the "615North-South Common Declaration" and the "Primary stage federalism" after consultation. The North and the South have identified the common points of the reunification plan, but due to the different systems and the differences in the main body of the reunification, it is difficult to achieve peaceful reunification between the North and the South in a short period of time. To a certain extent, the Korean federalism advocated by North Korea is similar to the basic content of China's "one country, two systems". Although the ultimate purpose of South Korea's reunification plan is to establish a single system of South Korea, South Korea's reunification plan is also to identify with the two systems first, and then gradually integrate into one system, which is similar to China's "one country, two systems." The cultural differences and split history between China and the Korean Peninsula are different, and the differences in national strength between the North and the South, differences in international status, understanding of the state of division, North-South relations and many other aspects are also different from China's national conditions. Although the policy of "one country, two systems" cannot be applied unconditionally in practice, there is no doubt that "one country, two systems" has given much enlightenment to the Korean peninsula. This paper focuses on the enlightenment of China's "one country, two systems" system to the Korean Peninsula, and then introduces the applicable methods of "one country, two systems" in the Korean Peninsula.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D618;D731.2

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