【摘要】：世紀(jì)之交,西方協(xié)商民主理論引入中國,引起國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界的研究熱潮。中國共產(chǎn)黨從國內(nèi)實(shí)踐出發(fā),總結(jié)了建國以來協(xié)商民主的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗,提出了協(xié)商民主的概念和七種渠道的社會主義協(xié)商民主體系,推動了中國協(xié)商民主的迅速發(fā)展。人民政協(xié)作為實(shí)現(xiàn)社會主義協(xié)商民主的重要渠道,在協(xié)商民主建設(shè)中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。目前,人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主處于迅速發(fā)展期,但是,“協(xié)商民主”、“人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主”的概念從提出到上升為國家民主制度的頂層設(shè)計卻是近幾年的事情。在此之前,學(xué)術(shù)界多是從統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線和政黨制度的角度,在政治策略和工具意義上理解人民政協(xié)。學(xué)術(shù)界對人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的理論研究具有滯后性。然而,中國現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中不斷出的新情況和新問題,以及人民政協(xié)自身發(fā)展的實(shí)踐需要,都要求我們從協(xié)商民主的視角研究人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論。研究民主問題,尤其是研究人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主問題,不能脫離中國的語境和實(shí)踐。中國民主政治的發(fā)展始終是在中國共產(chǎn)黨的牽引下進(jìn)行的,沒有什么理論能夠脫離這一點(diǎn)而直接發(fā)揮作用。所以,本文以中國共產(chǎn)黨的人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論為研究對象,在中國共產(chǎn)黨的話語體系和話語邏輯下,基于馬克思主義民主理論,中國特色社會主義民主政治的理論和實(shí)踐,研究中國共產(chǎn)黨關(guān)于人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論的建構(gòu)思路、體系內(nèi)容、構(gòu)成要素、理論定位等內(nèi)容,分析中國特有的協(xié)商民主模式,為人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的發(fā)展提供系統(tǒng)的理論支撐。本文由六部分組成,分為導(dǎo)論和五章正文。導(dǎo)論部分包括選題背景和研究問題的提出,核心概念界定,國內(nèi)相關(guān)研究的文獻(xiàn)述評,研究方法的確定,以及本文可能存在的創(chuàng)新之處與研究難點(diǎn)。第一章探討人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的理論基礎(chǔ)。本章從馬克思主義民主政治理論,中國共產(chǎn)黨人民民主理論和統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線理論、政黨理論等三個維度入手探討人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的理論基礎(chǔ)。第二章人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論的實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。本章將從五個階段分析政協(xié)協(xié)商的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗：一是建國前“三三制”政權(quán)時期中國協(xié)商民主的萌芽；二是1949—1954年,人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的產(chǎn)生；三是1954—1978年,政協(xié)協(xié)商的初步發(fā)展和曲折發(fā)展；四是改革開放后政協(xié)協(xié)商的恢復(fù)和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展；五是2006年以來政協(xié)協(xié)商的全面深入發(fā)展。本章梳理了歷史上每個階段所形成的協(xié)商民主形式和要素,總結(jié)中國共產(chǎn)黨關(guān)于人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主發(fā)展階段的認(rèn)識,為下文分析中共關(guān)于理論建構(gòu)思路或邏輯奠定實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。第三章主要探討中國共產(chǎn)黨關(guān)于人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論的建構(gòu)思路和理論的價值訴求。在前兩章對人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的理論基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本章旨在揭示中國共產(chǎn)黨關(guān)于人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論的建構(gòu)思路與價值訴求。中國共產(chǎn)黨的人民民主理論包含四個方面的內(nèi)容,即民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督(以下簡稱“四個民主”)。人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主是從“參與”(具體包括“四個民主”中的民主決策和民主管理)和“監(jiān)督”(即“四個民主”中的民主監(jiān)督)的視角對人民民主理論的發(fā)展與完善。這是中國共產(chǎn)黨關(guān)于人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論的主要建構(gòu)邏輯。在這一邏輯下,人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主具有自身的獨(dú)特特點(diǎn)和價值訴求,這些內(nèi)容構(gòu)成了人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的規(guī)范理論。第四章具體分析了人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論的構(gòu)成要素。上一章從規(guī)范理論的角度整體闡釋了人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論,本章從應(yīng)用理論的微觀視角討論理論要素的內(nèi)容及其發(fā)展完善的問題。人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主理論要素包括主體、客體、形式與程序四個方面。一方面對已有實(shí)踐尤其是地方實(shí)踐中的一些創(chuàng)新做法進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)。另一方面分析中央的一些新提法和新判斷。第五章分析了人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的定位、理論貢獻(xiàn)與正當(dāng)性。在社會主義協(xié)商民主理論體系中,人民政協(xié)是社會主義協(xié)商民主的重要渠道和專門協(xié)商機(jī)構(gòu),政協(xié)協(xié)商與其他六種協(xié)商渠道有著非常密切的關(guān)系。人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的貢獻(xiàn)在于其是一種不同于西方協(xié)商民主的協(xié)商民主形式。人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主以集體主義為價值導(dǎo)向,這種民主模式有助于解決協(xié)商民主發(fā)展過程中潛在的“群體極化”等問題,并能夠?qū)覚C(jī)構(gòu)和社會民眾有效的聯(lián)系起來,促進(jìn)國家治理體系的發(fā)展完善。人民政協(xié)協(xié)商民主的正當(dāng)性源自于其價值追求、程序發(fā)展的合社會歷史性,源自其在特定歷史階段的制度設(shè)計具有有效性。
[Abstract]:At the turn of the century, the western consultative democratic theory has introduced China, causing the research upsurge of the domestic academic circles. From the domestic practice, the Communist Party of China summarized the practical experience of the consultation and democracy since the founding of the People's Republic of China, put forward the concept of consultation and democracy and the socialist consultative democracy system of seven channels, and promoted the rapid development of China's consultation and democracy. The People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), as an important channel for the realization of the socialist consultative democracy, plays an important role in the negotiation of democratic construction. At present, the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), in consultation with the Democratic People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), is in a rapid development phase. However, the concept of the "consultation and democracy" and "The People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)" has been a matter of recent years from the point that the top-level design of the national democratic system has been raised. Until then, the academic circles are from the angle of the united front and the political party system, and understand the CPPCC in the sense of political strategy and tools. The academic circles have a lag in the theoretical study of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). However, the new situation and the new problems in the process of the modernization of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the practical needs of the development of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) require us to study the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the perspective of consultation and democracy. To study the issues of democracy, especially the issue of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), cannot be divorced from the context and practice of China. The development of Chinese democratic politics has always been carried out under the traction of the Communist Party of China. Therefore, based on the theory of Marxist democracy and the theory and practice of the socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics under the discourse system and the discourse logic of the Communist Party of China, the paper takes the democratic theory as the research object in the consultation of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the Communist Party of China. The paper studies the construction of the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the content of the system, the constituent elements, the theoretical orientation and so on, analyzes the unique democratic model of China, and provides the theoretical support for the development of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). This paper is composed of six parts, which are divided into introduction and five chapters. The introduction part includes the background of the topic and the development of the research, the definition of the core concept, the literature review of the relevant research in the country, the determination of the research method, and the innovation and the research difficulties that may exist in this paper. The first chapter discusses the theoretical basis of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference. This chapter starts with the three dimensions of Marxist democratic political theory, the people's democratic theory of the Communist Party of China, the theory of the united front and the theory of political party, and discusses the theoretical basis of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference. The second chapter is the practice basis of the consultation and democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference. This chapter will analyze the practical experience of the CPPCC's consultation in five stages: first, the emergence of the democratic revolution in China's consultation during the first "three-three system" of the state before the founding of the People's Political Consultative Conference; the second is the emergence of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference in 1954; the third is the preliminary development and the tortuous development of the consultation of the CPPCC in 1978 and the CPPCC; The fourth is the resumption and further development of the CPPCC's consultation after the reform and opening-up; the fifth is the comprehensive and in-depth development of the CPPCC's consultation since 2006. This chapter summarizes the form and elements of the consultation formed in each stage of the history, and summarizes the understanding of the Chinese Communist Party on the stage of the consultation and the democratic development of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and provides a practical basis for the analysis of the ideas or logic of the theoretical construction of the Chinese Communist Party. The third chapter mainly discusses the idea and the value demands of the Communist Party of China on the construction of the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the theoretical basis and practice of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in the first two chapters, the purpose of this chapter is to reveal the construction and value demands of the Chinese Communist Party's consultation on the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The Chinese Communist Party's theory of people's democracy includes four aspects: democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision (hereinafter referred to as" "Four Democracy" "). The consultative democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is the development and perfection of the people's democratic theory from the perspective of the "take part in" (including the democratic decision-making and the democratic management in the "Four Democracy") and the "superintendence" (that is, the democratic supervision in the "Four Democracy"). This is the main construction logic of the Chinese Communist Party's consultation on the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference. In this logic, the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), in consultation with democracy, has its own unique characteristics and value demands, which form the normative theory of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The fourth chapter analyses the composition of the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The last chapter expounds the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in a whole from the angle of the standard theory. This chapter discusses the content of the theoretical elements and the problems of its development from the micro-perspective of the application theory. The elements of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference include the subject, the object, the form and the program. On the one hand, some innovations in the practice, especially in local practice, are analyzed and summarized. On the other hand, some new reference and new judgment of the center are analyzed. The fifth chapter analyses the position, theoretical contribution and legitimacy of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference. In the system of socialist consultation and democracy, the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is an important channel of the socialist consultative democracy and a special consultation mechanism, and the consultation of the CPPCC and other six kinds of consultation channels has a very close relationship. The contribution of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to the democratic process is that it is a form of consultation and democracy that is different from the western consultative democracy. The consultative democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is guided by collectivism as a value, which helps to solve the potential "population polarization" and other problems in the process of consultation and democracy, and can effectively link the national institutions and the social people to promote the development and perfection of the national governance system. The legitimacy of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is derived from its value pursuit, the social and historical development of the program development, and its effectiveness in the system design at the specific historical stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D621

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