【摘要】：依據(jù)國(guó)際通用的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),上海早已于1979年便步入了老齡化社會(huì)的行列。但上海人口老化速度快、老年人口數(shù)量大、未富先老、養(yǎng)老觀(guān)念落后等特征明顯,此番種種原因累加起來(lái)使得上海的養(yǎng)老壓力尤為沉重。與此同時(shí),隨著相關(guān)政策的逐步頒布與落實(shí),再加之上海經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,使得上海家庭的規(guī)模日趨小型化已是不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí),這一變化漸漸削弱了傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老在上海老年人養(yǎng)老中的地位。中國(guó)素來(lái)秉承孝道,對(duì)家庭養(yǎng)老有自己的堅(jiān)持,但在當(dāng)今社會(huì)大背景下,家庭養(yǎng)老的弱化已經(jīng)是一個(gè)不得不直面的現(xiàn)實(shí)了,由此養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為上海面臨的一個(gè)及其嚴(yán)峻的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。如何養(yǎng)老,選擇何種養(yǎng)老模式,老年人需要什么樣的養(yǎng)老模式,凡此種種,引起了學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注。因此,研究上海老年人的實(shí)際養(yǎng)老意愿,找出維持和提高老年人口生活質(zhì)量且合理的替代性養(yǎng)老模式具有科學(xué)意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文從上海養(yǎng)老模式的歷程演變?nèi)胧?分析上海社會(huì)大發(fā)展的背景下,需求變化、家庭變化、經(jīng)濟(jì)變化下養(yǎng)老模式的現(xiàn)實(shí)難點(diǎn),然后再通過(guò)對(duì)上海老年人的養(yǎng)老意向進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,分析找尋出上海老年人在不同年齡層、不同經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和不同身體狀況下對(duì)養(yǎng)老的不同選擇與需求,得出在上海實(shí)施立體養(yǎng)老模式的結(jié)論和支撐體系。具體來(lái)說(shuō),本文共分為七個(gè)部分:第一部分,導(dǎo)論,本文的緒論部分。首先闡述本文選題的現(xiàn)實(shí)背景,從而提出問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而從理論和實(shí)際分析選題的意義,根據(jù)選題,對(duì)已有的相關(guān)國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理歸納,并簡(jiǎn)單述評(píng),對(duì)相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行概述與分類(lèi)。第二部分,上海老年人口養(yǎng)老模式現(xiàn)狀分析,本文大背景,分析上海老年人口養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)實(shí),指出無(wú)論是生活照料、經(jīng)濟(jì)支持還是精神慰藉上由家庭提供的在家養(yǎng)老功能的弱化、養(yǎng)老模式日益社會(huì)化及多元化社會(huì)改革進(jìn)步中的轉(zhuǎn)變。第三部分,對(duì)國(guó)外相對(duì)成熟的城市養(yǎng)老模式進(jìn)行國(guó)際借鑒,為下文提出合理的養(yǎng)老模式提供一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒。第四部分,上海養(yǎng)老模式構(gòu)建的客觀(guān)現(xiàn)實(shí),即老年人口分層分析。結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)分析出上海老年人口規(guī)模大、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)向純老家庭發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力差別大、身體狀況不同等特點(diǎn),按照一定的社會(huì)分層標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)上海老年人口進(jìn)行預(yù)分層,為下文上海立體養(yǎng)老模式的提出提供理論基礎(chǔ)。第五部分,實(shí)地調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)分析,通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行有序Probit模型的估計(jì)分析,找尋出上海老年人口中個(gè)人特征、健康狀況、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、養(yǎng)老思想、家庭支持及社會(huì)支持六個(gè)方面對(duì)老年人養(yǎng)老模式選擇的影響。第六部分,上海養(yǎng)老模式的路徑選擇,本文的對(duì)策部分,立足于當(dāng)前上海養(yǎng)老模式的困境,通過(guò)基于老人養(yǎng)老意愿分析得出的老年人選擇養(yǎng)老模式的影響因素,建立符合上海實(shí)際情況的立體養(yǎng)老模式。第七部分,結(jié)論與政策建議,本文的結(jié)論部分。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于構(gòu)建了以社區(qū)內(nèi)輔助養(yǎng)老設(shè)施配合居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的社區(qū)養(yǎng)老,與包含傳統(tǒng)機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老配合新型養(yǎng)老社區(qū)在內(nèi)的機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老,兩者相結(jié)合的,以社會(huì)化養(yǎng)老模式為主,傳統(tǒng)在家養(yǎng)老為輔的“雙軌多管多元化”的全方位立體養(yǎng)老模式。構(gòu)建全方位,360度覆蓋上海各年齡層,各需求層老年人口,做到低端有保障、中端有供給、高端有市場(chǎng)的分階段,分梯度,多內(nèi)容,多元化的立體養(yǎng)老模式。
[Abstract]:Shanghai has already entered the ranks of the aging society in 1979, according to the international standard of measurement. However, the aging rate of Shanghai's population is fast, the number of old people's mouth is large, the old age is not rich, the concept of the old-age is backward, and so on, it has been accumulated for a variety of reasons, so that the pressure of the old-age pension in Shanghai is particularly heavy. At the same time, with the gradual promulgation and implementation of the relevant policies and the rapid development of Shanghai's economy, the size of Shanghai's family is becoming smaller and smaller, which has gradually weakened the status of the traditional family pension in the old age of the elderly in Shanghai. In the background of today's society, the weakening of the family's pension is a reality that has to face the face, and the old-age problem has become one of the most serious social problems facing Shanghai. How to support the old-age, choose the old-age model, the old age needs the old-age mode, all this kind of, has aroused the extensive attention of the academic circle. Therefore, it is of scientific significance and practical significance to study the actual old-age will of the elderly in Shanghai, to find out how to maintain and improve the quality of life of the old people and to make a rational alternative to the old-age model. Based on the evolution of Shanghai's old-age model, this paper analyzes the realistic difficulties of the old-age model under the background of the development of Shanghai's social development, the change of demand, the change of the family and the change of the economy, and then through the questionnaire survey of the old-age intention of the elderly in Shanghai, The paper analyzes the different choices and needs of the elderly in Shanghai in different age groups, different economic bases and different physical conditions, and draws the conclusion and support system of the three-dimensional pension model in Shanghai. In particular, this paper is divided into seven parts: the first part, the introduction, the introduction part of this paper. First of all, this paper expounds the realistic background of the subject, and puts forward the question, and then analyzes the meaning of the topic from the theory and the practical analysis. According to the selected topic, the existing domestic and foreign documents are summarized and summarized, and the relevant concepts are summarized and classified. The second part, the analysis of the current situation of the old-age-care model of the elderly in Shanghai, analyzes the reality of the old-age pension for the elderly in Shanghai, and points out that both the living care, the economic support and the spiritual comfort are weakened by the home-care function provided by the family. The old-age mode is becoming more and more social and the change in the progress of the multi-social reform. The third part, on the basis of the international reference for the relatively mature urban old-age model in the foreign countries, provides some experience for providing the reasonable old-age model. The fourth part, the objective reality of the construction of the Shanghai old-age model, that is, the hierarchical analysis of the old people's mouth. in combination with that data analysis, the large scale of the elderly in Shanghai, the development of the family structure to the pure and old family, the great difference of the economic strength, the different physical condition and the like, pre-layering the mouth of the Shanghai old people according to a certain social stratification standard, The paper provides a theoretical basis for the development of Shanghai's three-dimensional pension model. The fifth part, the field investigation data analysis, through the data of the questionnaire to carry on the estimation and analysis of the ordered Probit model, find out the individual character, the health condition, the economic situation and the old-age thought in the old people's mouth in Shanghai, The impact of the six aspects of family support and social support on the choice of the old-age model of the elderly. The sixth part, the choice of the path of Shanghai's old-age model, the countermeasure part of this article, based on the current situation of the current Shanghai old-age model, through the old-age pension will analyze the influence factor of the old-age model, establish the three-dimensional old-age model in conformity with the actual situation in Shanghai. The seventh part, conclusion and policy suggestion, the conclusion part of this paper. The innovation point of this paper is to construct the community-based old-age pension which is based on the community-aided old-age facilities and the home-based pension service, and it is combined with the old-age-care institutions, including the traditional institutions for the old-age support and the new-type old-age-care community, and the social-old-age mode is the main part. The comprehensive three-dimensional old-age mode of the 鈥渄ouble-track multi-tube diversification鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2362554