【摘要】：針對(duì)20世紀(jì)初民國(guó)軍閥割據(jù)、連年內(nèi)戰(zhàn),國(guó)家陷入混亂無(wú)序狀態(tài)的時(shí)局,章太炎先生較先提出了名為“聯(lián)省自治”的救國(guó)政治方案。在國(guó)家政治體制架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中,它主張西式地方自治,推崇多中心主義,極力反對(duì)單一制,強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)家權(quán)力的制衡與分散,要把國(guó)家建設(shè)成聯(lián)邦制的憲政民主國(guó)家。然而當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域?qū)τ谡率稀奥?lián)省自治”思想的關(guān)注明顯不夠,研究問(wèn)題單一,常以成敗論英雄,以至留下了很多需要深入探索的問(wèn)題。本文重點(diǎn)在于溯清章氏“聯(lián)省自治”思想的形成脈絡(luò),提煉章氏“聯(lián)省自治”思想不同于其他聯(lián)邦主義思想的特點(diǎn)特色,結(jié)合其思想的具體實(shí)踐,深度發(fā)掘章氏“聯(lián)省自治”思想對(duì)近代以來(lái)中國(guó)憲政民主建設(shè)的積極意義。以期較為客觀的評(píng)述章太炎的“聯(lián)省自治”觀念,還原其積極進(jìn)步的一面。全文共分五個(gè)部分,第一部分詳細(xì)介紹了清末以來(lái),章太炎為破解國(guó)家時(shí)政危局而進(jìn)行的央地關(guān)系思考以及相應(yīng)的政治體制創(chuàng)設(shè)。章太炎關(guān)于國(guó)家政治體制架構(gòu)方面的思想觀念,從清末到民國(guó),隨著時(shí)代嬗變也不斷地變化,但是仍然遵循其政治思想的脈絡(luò)——從權(quán)威政治到近代西方政治的轉(zhuǎn)化。第二部分是對(duì)章太炎最終形成的“聯(lián)省自治”思想進(jìn)行特點(diǎn)特色的歸納總結(jié)。從章氏“聯(lián)省自治”思想中提煉出“虛置中央政府、‘由下而上’建國(guó)、主張人民公意制憲”三個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià)。第三部分是介紹了章太炎對(duì)湖南自治運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的實(shí)際影響。章太炎把湖南當(dāng)做聯(lián)省自治運(yùn)動(dòng)的“模范區(qū)”,為湖南省憲運(yùn)動(dòng)殫精竭慮,傾注了大量心血和努力,主要表現(xiàn)為:倡導(dǎo)湖南走聯(lián)省自治道路、提出人民制憲的意見、建議對(duì)軍人擅權(quán)進(jìn)行預(yù)防、主張川湘結(jié)“唇齒之盟”,共四部分。第四部分是對(duì)章太炎“聯(lián)省自治”思想的評(píng)述。認(rèn)為章氏“聯(lián)省自治”思想屬于西方憲政理論范疇,具有反對(duì)軍閥專權(quán)和弘揚(yáng)民主為目的憲政價(jià)值,是愛國(guó)知識(shí)分子救國(guó)救民的有益探索。
[Abstract]:In view of the situation of the warlords in the Republic of China at the beginning of the 20th century, civil war after civil war, and the state in chaos and disorder, Zhang Taiyan put forward the political plan of saving the nation called "United Provincial Autonomy". In the design of the national political system, it advocates the western-style local autonomy, advocates polycentrism, strongly opposes the unitary system, emphasizes the checks and balances and dispersion of state power, and builds the country into a federal constitutional democracy. However, the current academic field has not paid enough attention to Zhang's thought of "United province autonomy", and the research problem is single, and the hero is often discussed by success or failure, leaving a lot of problems to be explored in depth. This paper focuses on tracing the formation of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy", refining the characteristics of Zhang's thought of "associating provincial autonomy" with other federalism, and combining with the concrete practice of his thoughts. Deeply explore the positive significance of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy" to the construction of constitutional democracy in modern China. In order to objectively comment on Zhang Taiyan's concept of "United provincial autonomy", restore its positive and progressive side. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces in detail Zhang Taiyan's thoughts on the relationship between central and local government and the establishment of corresponding political system since the end of Qing Dynasty. Zhang Taiyan's ideas on the structure of national political system, from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, changed constantly with the times, but still followed the thread of his political ideas- the transformation from authoritative politics to modern western politics. The second part is a summary of the characteristics of Zhang Taiyan's thought of "United provincial autonomy". This paper abstracts the three main features of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy", namely, "virtual central government," establishing the state from the bottom up "and advocating the people's common will to make constitution" and makes an analysis and evaluation. " The third part introduces Zhang Taiyan's actual influence on Hunan Autonomous Movement. Zhang Taiyan regarded Hunan as the "model district" of the autonomous movement of the United provinces and devoted a great deal of effort and effort to the constitutional movement of Hunan Province. The main manifestations were: advocating Hunan to follow the road of autonomous provincial autonomy and putting forward the people's opinions on constitution-making. It is suggested to prevent military trespass and advocate Sichuan Hunan knot "Lip and Tooth League", which consists of four parts. The fourth part is the comment on Zhang Taiyan's thought of combining provincial autonomy. It is considered that Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy" belongs to the theory of western constitutionalism and has the constitutional value of opposing the monopoly of warlords and promoting democracy, which is a useful exploration for patriotic intellectuals to save the country and save the people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D693

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