【摘要】：伴隨著全面深化社會(huì)改革,加快推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化水平,流動(dòng)人口持續(xù)增多,平均壽命延長(zhǎng)的進(jìn)程,我國(guó)老齡人口在總?cè)丝谥械谋壤絹碓酱�。社�?huì)快速發(fā)展的同時(shí)在農(nóng)村催生出大量空巢老人群體,其作為老年人口中的弱勢(shì)群體更是引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。近年來,人們對(duì)空巢老人的基本生活保障的研究越來越深入。本研究主要關(guān)注農(nóng)村地區(qū)空巢老人的精神贍養(yǎng)問題,因?yàn)樵谖镔|(zhì)生活得到了基本滿足之后,老年人對(duì)情感關(guān)懷的需求必將會(huì)日益突出。本研究使用定性研究方法,主要由無結(jié)構(gòu)訪談和參與式觀察來收集資料。通過深入農(nóng)村空巢老人日常生活,梳理出了農(nóng)村空巢老人精神贍養(yǎng)不足主要表現(xiàn)在情感慰藉匱乏、權(quán)威身份異位和文化制度斷裂三個(gè)方面,然后按照這三個(gè)維度作為總體的分析框架,從社會(huì)資本視角考察農(nóng)村空巢老人在社會(huì)資本的存量：首先是情感資本,主要存在于家庭等初級(jí)群體內(nèi),提供者的數(shù)量、規(guī)模和互動(dòng)范圍等可以對(duì)其產(chǎn)生影響；其次是權(quán)威資本,老人在傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中由道德倫理保障的權(quán)威身份和地位已經(jīng)被現(xiàn)代社會(huì)以掙錢能力為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)代權(quán)威超越并取代；再次是文化資本,傳統(tǒng)文化在家庭內(nèi)部的整合作用被削弱了,家庭越來越原子化,正式組織取代了非正式組織的形式,但卻沒有發(fā)揮傳統(tǒng)非正式組織在保障老年人精神養(yǎng)老時(shí)的整合作用,農(nóng)村中文化處于斷裂狀態(tài)。然后文章又分析了社會(huì)資本在農(nóng)村空巢老人精神養(yǎng)老中的作用,進(jìn)而提出以個(gè)人關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)為載體的情感資本、以社會(huì)信任為基礎(chǔ)的權(quán)威資本和以互惠秩序?yàn)槟繕?biāo)的文化資本的構(gòu)建。本研究使用社會(huì)資本理論來分析精神養(yǎng)老主要是在微觀家庭和群體組織范圍內(nèi),而且是探索性的研究,構(gòu)建出的精神養(yǎng)老資本的實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑有很強(qiáng)的主觀判斷性,在面對(duì)中國(guó)全面深化改革的浪潮中肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)實(shí)際的偏差,在研究過程中分析到的情感資本、權(quán)威資本和文化資本也都是研究者根據(jù)研究而構(gòu)建的概念,會(huì)出現(xiàn)不太嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),不夠規(guī)范的現(xiàn)象,希望在以后的研究中,能夠進(jìn)一步豐富。
[Abstract]:With the process of deepening the social reform, speeding up the urbanization, increasing the floating population and prolonging the average life span, the proportion of the aged population in the total population is increasing. Along with the rapid development of society, a large number of empty nest elderly groups have been spawned in rural areas, which, as a vulnerable group in the elderly population, has attracted wide attention. In recent years, the research on the basic living security of empty-nest elderly is more and more in-depth. This study focuses on the spiritual support of empty nest elderly in rural areas, because after the material life is basically satisfied, the demand for emotional care of the elderly will become increasingly prominent. In this study, qualitative methods were used to collect data from unstructured interviews and participatory observations. By going deep into the daily life of the empty nest elderly in rural areas, the author points out that the lack of spiritual support for the empty nest elderly in the rural areas is mainly manifested in three aspects: lack of emotional comfort, eccentricity of authority and rupture of the cultural system. Then according to these three dimensions as the overall analysis framework, from the perspective of social capital to investigate the rural empty nest elderly in the stock of social capital: first, emotional capital, mainly in the family and other primary groups, the number of providers, Scale and scope of interaction can have an impact on it; Secondly, the authoritative capital, the authority status and status of the elderly guaranteed by moral ethics in the traditional society has been surpassed and replaced by the modern authority based on earning ability in modern society. Again, cultural capital, the integration of traditional culture within the family has been weakened, the family has become more and more atomized, and formal organizations have replaced informal organizations. However, the traditional informal organization has not played a role in the integration of the protection of the elderly mental endowment, and the rural culture is in a broken state. Then the article analyzes the role of social capital in the rural empty-nest elderly mental pension, and then puts forward the emotional capital based on the personal relationship network. The construction of authoritative capital based on social trust and cultural capital aiming at reciprocal order. This research uses the social capital theory to analyze the spiritual old-age support mainly in the microscopic family and the group organization scope, moreover is the exploratory research, constructs the spiritual endowment capital realization path to have the very strong subjective judgment. In the face of the wave of comprehensive deepening reform in China, there will definitely be actual deviations. The emotional capital, authoritative capital and cultural capital analyzed in the course of the research are also concepts constructed by researchers according to the research, and will appear less rigorous. The phenomenon of lack of standard, hope in the future research, can further enrich.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6

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