【摘要】：英國是現(xiàn)代政黨政治的發(fā)源地,對政黨的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展有著相當深遠的影響。而工黨作為英國主流政黨之一,從1900年成立至今,已經(jīng)走過百余年的政壇沉浮歷程。在這百余年的發(fā)展進程中,工黨不斷根據(jù)時代的變化調整自身的理論和策略,這些調整和變革對其不斷發(fā)展壯大產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。然而,隨著2008年全球金融危機的爆發(fā)及不斷蔓延,國內民眾在譴責資本主義的自由主義政策的同時,也開始逐漸質疑工黨的改革方向。再加上2010年工黨在國內大選中的失利,進一步促使其對自身進行深刻反思和變革。所以,面對同樣步入改革深水期的中國來說,深入了解和分析英國工黨在金融危機以來所進行的調整和變革,可以從側面為中國特色社會主義建設提供一些借鑒和警示。因此,本文主要以金融危機以來英國工黨所進行的一系列政治理念和政策主張的調整和變革為研究對象,運用文獻分析與歸納演繹的方法,在對工黨的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展及其變革所面臨的國內外挑戰(zhàn)進行簡要概述后,著重從政治理念、經(jīng)濟主張、與工會關系及對歐策略等方面對工黨的具體變革內容進行了詳細的闡述,并指出這一階段的變革具有思想上逐漸向“左”回調、政策主張缺乏連貫性的特點。在此基礎上,對工黨變革的具體主張進行了評價,指出工黨的變革在一定程度上使其選民支持率略有提升,基層力量實現(xiàn)大幅增長,與工會關系也逐漸趨向回暖。但總的來說,工黨在2015年國內大選中的慘敗及其后的一些地方選舉中的表現(xiàn)預示了它的變革并沒有達到其預期的效果,相反還存在很多問題,如缺乏系統(tǒng)性和建設性的理論創(chuàng)新,政策主張薄弱性凸顯,工黨黨內分歧嚴重,從而導致其變革存在一定的不確定性。所以在最后,文章圍繞英國工黨在變革中取得的成效與存在的問題,指出中國共產(chǎn)黨在帶領全國人民進行中國特色社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設的過程中,應該吸取英國工黨變革的經(jīng)驗和教訓,與時俱進推進黨的思想理論建設,合理準確地確定黨自身的定位,大力加強黨內凝聚力,努力協(xié)調好穩(wěn)固階級基礎和擴大社會基礎的關系以及充分發(fā)揮基層組織和黨員的作用。
[Abstract]:Britain is the birthplace of modern party politics, which has a profound influence on the emergence and development of political parties. The Labour Party, as one of the mainstream political parties in Britain, has gone through more than 100 years of ups and downs since its founding in 1900. In the development process of more than one hundred years, the Labor Party constantly adjusts its theory and strategy according to the changes of the times, and these adjustments and changes have a great influence on its continuous development and growth. However, with the outbreak and spread of the global financial crisis in 2008, people at home, while denouncing the liberal policies of capitalism, began to question the direction of the Labour Party's reform. Combined with the defeat of the Labour Party in the domestic elections in 2010, it further urged it to deeply reflect and reform itself. Therefore, in the face of the same deep-water period of reform in China, in-depth understanding and analysis of the British Labor Party in the financial crisis since the adjustment and change, can provide some reference and warning for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, this paper focuses on the adjustment and transformation of a series of political ideas and policies advocated by the British Labor Party since the financial crisis, and applies the methods of literature analysis and induction to produce the Labour Party. After a brief overview of the domestic and foreign challenges to the development and its transformation, this paper expounds in detail the specific reform contents of the Labor Party from the aspects of political ideas, economic claims, relations with trade unions and strategies towards Europe, etc. It also points out that the reform in this stage has the characteristics of gradual ideological callback to the "left" and lack of consistency in the policy proposition. On this basis, the author evaluates the concrete proposition of the Labour Party's reform, and points out that the Labour Party's reform has to a certain extent increased its voter support slightly, the grass-roots forces have achieved a substantial increase, and the relations with the labor union have gradually tended to warm up. But overall, Labour's fiasco in the domestic general election in 2015 and in some local elections that followed heralded that its changes were not as effective as they had been, but that there were still many problems. For example, the lack of systematic and constructive theoretical innovation, the weakness of the policy proposition and the serious inner-party differences of the Labour Party lead to the uncertainty of its transformation. Therefore, in the end, the article points out that the Communist Party of China is leading the whole country in the process of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics, focusing on the achievements and problems of the British Labour Party in the process of reform. We should absorb the experience and lessons of the reform of the British Labor Party, advance with the times the Party's ideological and theoretical construction, reasonably and accurately determine the position of the Party itself, and vigorously strengthen the cohesion of the Party. Efforts should be made to coordinate the relationship between strengthening the class foundation and expanding the social base and to give full play to the role of grass-roots organizations and party members.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D756.1

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