【摘要】：公共政策的制定過(guò)程對(duì)公民來(lái)說(shuō)具有重要的意義,能否參與到政策的制定過(guò)程中去,對(duì)于公民來(lái)維護(hù)自身的合法權(quán)益具有相當(dāng)大的作用,只有這樣才能推動(dòng)政策制定的民主化進(jìn)步。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的迅速發(fā)展,也為政府和公眾的直接交流提供了一種有效的渠道,網(wǎng)絡(luò)這一新興事物能夠滿(mǎn)足公眾的意愿,為政府和公眾之間構(gòu)建了一個(gè)橋梁。對(duì)于公共政策問(wèn)題的建構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō),一個(gè)問(wèn)題要成為公共政策問(wèn)題,這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須具有公共性,能夠體現(xiàn)大多數(shù)人的利益,同時(shí)這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須是公眾有強(qiáng)烈的要求解決的,而且必須是客觀(guān)的,政府能夠解決的,確定好政策問(wèn)題就要分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與對(duì)其建構(gòu)的作用,運(yùn)用鄧恩的分析模型,感知問(wèn)題情境、搜尋問(wèn)題到相互協(xié)商,推動(dòng)確認(rèn)政策問(wèn)題這幾個(gè)方面,在這些方面中,公民能夠在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,然后引發(fā)相關(guān)的關(guān)注,然后匯成輿論壓力,推動(dòng)問(wèn)題進(jìn)入公共政策問(wèn)題。在公共政策議程設(shè)置的過(guò)程中,網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與影響政策議程設(shè)置的途徑主要是公眾議程和政府議程,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上公民通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、討論、博弈等方式達(dá)成共識(shí),形成對(duì)政府的輿論壓力,推動(dòng)問(wèn)題進(jìn)入公眾議程,進(jìn)入公眾議程后,政府再經(jīng)過(guò)討論、分析決定那些涉及眾多人利益并且迫切需要解決的公眾議程進(jìn)入到政府議程；此外公民的網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與具有能夠拓寬政府決策者獲取信息的渠道也能提高政府的辦事效率等優(yōu)勢(shì),但是也存在群體極化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息失真、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體的定位失誤等問(wèn)題,所以需要采取建立責(zé)任制,加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)道德建設(shè),凈化網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境等措施來(lái)更好的發(fā)揮網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與的作用。在公共政策方案的規(guī)劃的過(guò)程中,網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與主要是公民通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)政府公布的政策方案進(jìn)行討論,網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜集方案存在的問(wèn)題,并向政府及時(shí)反饋,政府能夠及時(shí)的進(jìn)行政策方案的調(diào)適。在公共政策合法化的過(guò)程中,公民的網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與彌補(bǔ)了政府的有限理性的缺陷,同時(shí)能夠體現(xiàn)公共政策的公共性要求,更重要的是很好的發(fā)揮了公民政策合法化主體的作用；同時(shí)公共政策的合法化包括程序合法和內(nèi)容合法兩方面的內(nèi)容,程序上的合法化是指方案通過(guò)后經(jīng)過(guò)法定的程序,使方案獲得法律地位,而內(nèi)容上的合法化主要是能夠得到人民的認(rèn)可和支持,并且人民能夠自覺(jué)遵照?qǐng)?zhí)行。網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與在政策合法化環(huán)節(jié)的作用,一方面是能夠監(jiān)督政策合法化的過(guò)程,另一方面是能夠讓公民對(duì)政策有全方面的解讀,并通過(guò)網(wǎng)上討論獲得公民的認(rèn)可和服從,從而有利于政策的順利執(zhí)行。公共政策制定過(guò)程分為公共問(wèn)題的構(gòu)建、公共政策議程的建立、公共政策方案的規(guī)劃、公共政策合法化四個(gè)方面,具體分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與對(duì)其四個(gè)方面的具體影響,結(jié)合相關(guān)實(shí)例進(jìn)行比較深入的分析,弄清楚網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與在公共政策制定的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)怎樣起到的推動(dòng)作用,怎樣保障公民的參與權(quán),怎樣加以改進(jìn)和完善。從而有利于政府工作效率的提高和推動(dòng)社會(huì)的民主化進(jìn)步。
[Abstract]:The process of public policy making is of great significance to citizens. Whether they can participate in the process of policy making is of great importance to citizens to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. It is an effective channel for the network to satisfy the public's wishes and build a bridge between the government and the public. The public has a strong demand to solve, and must be objective, the government can solve, to determine a good policy problem is to analyze the role of network participation in its construction, the use of Dunn's analytical model, perception of the problem situation, search for problems to mutual consultation, promote the identification of policy issues in these areas, citizens can In the process of setting the public policy agenda, the network participation influences the setting of the policy agenda mainly through the public agenda and the government agenda. Citizens on the network achieve it by discovering, discussing and playing games. Consensus, public opinion pressure on the government, promote the issue into the public agenda, after entering the public agenda, the government then discusses, analyzes and decides that those public agenda which involves the interests of many people and urgently needs to be solved enters the government agenda; in addition, citizens'network participation can broaden the access to information for government decision makers. It can improve the efficiency of the government, but there are also some problems, such as group polarization, network information distortion, network media positioning errors, so we need to establish a responsibility system, strengthen the construction of network ethics, purify the network environment and other measures to better play the role of network participation. Participation is mainly about citizens discussing the policies and plans announced by the government through the network, collecting the problems existing in the plans and giving timely feedback to the government so that the government can adjust the policies and plans in a timely manner. At the same time, the legalization of public policy includes two aspects: procedural legality and content legality. The procedural legalization refers to the legal procedure after the scheme is passed, so that the scheme can obtain legal status, and the content is consistent. The role of network participation in the process of policy legalization is to monitor the process of policy legalization, on the other hand, to enable citizens to have a comprehensive understanding of the policy, and to obtain citizens'recognition and obedience through online discussions. The process of public policy formulation can be divided into four aspects: the construction of public issues, the establishment of public policy agenda, the planning of public policy programs and the legalization of public policies. How to promote participation in all aspects of public policy-making, how to protect citizens'right to participate, and how to improve and perfect it will be conducive to the improvement of government efficiency and the promotion of social democratization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D621.5;D63

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