【摘要】：自1978年改革開放以來,隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,我國社會格局發(fā)生了很大的變革,由傳統(tǒng)社會向現(xiàn)代型社會轉(zhuǎn)變。計劃經(jīng)濟體制的下的"單位體制"格局逐漸消失,"社區(qū)體制"不斷發(fā)展壯大。作為現(xiàn)代社會的最基本構(gòu)成單元,社區(qū)的被不斷賦予新的功能,承接了我國政府體制變革、社會體制變革中剝離出的任務(wù),慢慢成為了承接政府社會管理和公共服務(wù)的最主要平臺。本文從社區(qū)服務(wù)資源供給的視角出發(fā),選擇有典型性的社區(qū)為研究個案,通過親身實踐、觀察和調(diào)查,查閱大量政策性的文件,搜集整理訪談材料,提煉出基于社區(qū)資源差異而形成的不同的社區(qū)服務(wù)模式,根據(jù)評估結(jié)果探討社區(qū)在提供社區(qū)服務(wù)中存在的問題,并分析導(dǎo)致這些問題的主要因素。目前現(xiàn)存的社區(qū)服務(wù)模式主要為三種,即政府資源主導(dǎo)型,市場資源主導(dǎo)型,社會資源主導(dǎo)型。在發(fā)展過程中,政府資源主導(dǎo)型社區(qū)服務(wù)的行政色彩濃重,社區(qū)服務(wù)管理權(quán)限不明確,資源供給不足效率較低;市場資源主導(dǎo)型社區(qū)服務(wù)的居民參與度較低,市場因素過于明顯,不利于福利事務(wù)進展;社會資源主導(dǎo)型社區(qū)服務(wù)的人才隊伍素質(zhì)有待提高。這些問題需要從制度層面和法律層面進行健全和規(guī)范。政府資源在社區(qū)服務(wù)中的作用要保留,但是行政化色彩需要去除。市場資源順應(yīng)社區(qū)服務(wù)發(fā)展需要,但要同時考慮福利事務(wù)。政府、市場、社會三種社區(qū)資源供給主體要把握好定位,做到"三位一體",激活并有效利用社區(qū)資源。合理控制政府在社區(qū)服務(wù)中的尺度,完善相關(guān)政策法規(guī),加強從業(yè)人員的素質(zhì)提升也是重中之重。當(dāng)前我國正處在社會轉(zhuǎn)型升級的時期,社區(qū)居民對充實社區(qū)服務(wù)的內(nèi)容和提升服務(wù)質(zhì)量的需求日益增加,政府面對前所未有的社區(qū)服務(wù)供給的挑戰(zhàn),做了大量的探索,其最根本的目的就是要"有效地提供居民需求的社區(qū)服務(wù)"。因此,對社區(qū)資源加以最大化的價值利用,使居民根據(jù)自身需求獲得所需要的服務(wù)項目,從而緩解居民需求與社區(qū)供給之間的矛盾,對我國社區(qū)公共服務(wù)的有效供給進行完善補充,對建設(shè)社會主義和諧社會具有重要的實踐指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up in 1978, with the continuous development of China's market economy, great changes have taken place in the social structure of our country, from the traditional society to the modern society. Under the planned economy system, the "unit system" pattern disappears gradually, the "community system" develops unceasingly. As the most basic unit of modern society, the community is constantly given new functions to undertake the reform of our government system, the social system reform of the task, It has gradually become the main platform to undertake government social management and public services. From the perspective of the supply of community service resources, this paper selects typical community as a case study, through personal practice, observation and investigation, consulting a large number of policy documents, collecting and sorting out interview materials. This paper abstracts different community service models based on the difference of community resources, discusses the problems existing in providing community service according to the evaluation results, and analyzes the main factors leading to these problems. At present, there are three kinds of community service modes: government resource-oriented, market-resource-oriented and social-resource-oriented. In the process of development, the administrative color of government resource-oriented community service is heavy, the management authority of community service is not clear, the efficiency of resource supply is low, and the participation of residents in market resource-oriented community service is low. The market factor is too obvious, which is not conducive to the progress of welfare affairs, and the quality of the social resource-oriented community service team needs to be improved. These problems need to be perfected and standardized from the system level and the legal level. The role of government resources in community service should be preserved, but the administrative color needs to be removed. Market resources meet the needs of community service development, but at the same time consider welfare matters. The government, market and society should grasp the orientation of the supply of community resources, achieve "trinity", activate and effectively utilize community resources. It is also the most important to control the scale of the government in the community service, to perfect the relevant policies and regulations, and to strengthen the quality improvement of the employees. At present, our country is in the period of social transformation and upgrading, the demand of community residents for enriching the content of community service and improving service quality is increasing day by day. The government has made a lot of exploration in the face of the unprecedented challenge of community service supply. Its most fundamental goal is to "effectively provide community services for the needs of the residents." Therefore, to maximize the value of community resources to enable residents to obtain the required services according to their own needs, thereby alleviating the contradiction between residents' demand and community supply. It is of great practical significance to perfect and supplement the effective supply of community public service to build a harmonious socialist society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.3

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