南朝監(jiān)察權(quán)的行使研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-08 14:02
【摘要】：監(jiān)察權(quán)的行使是監(jiān)察制度運(yùn)行之重要環(huán)節(jié),草撰本文,意在對(duì)南朝監(jiān)察權(quán)之行使進(jìn)行粗淺但較為全面的描繪。監(jiān)察自古以來(lái)都是政治制度中必不可缺的重要組成部分,是調(diào)整國(guó)家機(jī)制、使之得以正常運(yùn)作的平衡器。南朝四國(guó)政權(quán)更迭頻繁,但都存在著一個(gè)共性,那就是歷代統(tǒng)治者盡皆重視監(jiān)察,然而即便這樣,也沒(méi)有挽救四朝短命的局面,在這種悖論之下,探索南朝監(jiān)察權(quán)之具體行使以及行使效果如何,就顯得十分重要。監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)是監(jiān)察權(quán)行使之主體。從整體上說(shuō),南朝監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)大致沿襲魏晉,但較之前朝又有些許變化。該時(shí)期監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu)由中央和地方兩大體系構(gòu)成,中央設(shè)有御史臺(tái)及尚書左丞,地方一級(jí)則在州、郡、縣分設(shè)刺史、督郵、廷掾,又特設(shè)典簽以監(jiān)督刺史。總體而言,中央監(jiān)察官員的品級(jí)在四朝略有提高：如御史中丞品級(jí)在陳代上升至第三品,而尚書左丞則在梁陳二朝晉升至第四品。御史臺(tái)內(nèi)屬官在四朝基本不變,稍加變革的是侍御史的人數(shù)以及治書侍御史一職,治書侍御史在宋齊二朝權(quán)責(zé)稍輕,至梁則又加重。至于地方,到了中后期,已經(jīng)不設(shè)督郵、典簽二職。南朝監(jiān)察權(quán)的內(nèi)容較為豐富,而縱觀監(jiān)察官之監(jiān)察權(quán),其核心仍集中于對(duì)官吏的糾劾權(quán)之上。除此之外,中央一級(jí)御史中丞還享有對(duì)案件的復(fù)核權(quán),尚書左丞則可對(duì)時(shí)下的律令奏請(qǐng)修改；地方一級(jí)各監(jiān)察官的監(jiān)察權(quán)也各有特色,比如典簽享有對(duì)諸王、刺史的監(jiān)督權(quán)以及對(duì)其政務(wù)的評(píng)判權(quán),各州刺史需嚴(yán)課農(nóng)桑、監(jiān)察經(jīng)濟(jì),督郵則對(duì)所屬縣令審判之案享有復(fù)審、察劾權(quán)。在監(jiān)察權(quán)的具體行使上,南朝不同監(jiān)察官所采取的方式往往也不同。除去直接糾劾以外,御史臺(tái)還可以通過(guò)風(fēng)聞言事的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行監(jiān)察,尚書左丞在監(jiān)察時(shí)主要側(cè)重于文書,大都通過(guò)審核上報(bào)的奏章來(lái)進(jìn)行監(jiān)察。地方監(jiān)察官員中,典簽對(duì)諸王刺史的監(jiān)管則通過(guò)秘密奏報(bào)的形式回復(fù)給皇帝,從而帶有一定的神秘性質(zhì)。另外,南朝諸國(guó)都頻繁地遣使出巡,以此作為中央對(duì)地方進(jìn)行不定期監(jiān)察的重要方式,從而加強(qiáng)了中央對(duì)地方的監(jiān)管。盡管南朝諸國(guó)都十分重視監(jiān)察,甚至采取了一系列措施來(lái)保證監(jiān)察權(quán)的行使,但是說(shuō)到底,監(jiān)察作為維護(hù)皇權(quán)的重要工具,依然擺脫不了皇權(quán)的桎桔。可以說(shuō)南朝監(jiān)察權(quán)行使效果之好壞,與皇帝本人有著非常大的關(guān)聯(lián)：其權(quán)力由皇帝賦予,結(jié)果由皇帝一人裁決。正因?yàn)槿绱?該時(shí)期仍然有許多不法之吏得到皇權(quán)的庇佑,從而導(dǎo)致監(jiān)察權(quán)在具體行使過(guò)程中,依舊艱難竭蹶。
[Abstract]:The exercise of supervisory power is an important link in the operation of supervisory system. Supervision has been an indispensable part of the political system since ancient times. The regimes of the four countries of the Southern Dynasty changed frequently, but there was a common feature, that is, the rulers of all dynasties attached great importance to supervision, but even so, they did not save the short-lived situation of the four dynasties. Under this paradox, It is very important to explore the specific exercise and effect of the supervisory power in the Southern Dynasty. Supervisory organization is the main body of exercising supervisory power. On the whole, the Southern Dynasty's supervisory institutions followed the Wei and Jin dynasties, but there were some changes from the previous dynasties. In this period, the supervisory organization was composed of two major systems: the central government and the local authorities. The central authorities set up the imperial court and the Shang Shu Zuocheng. At the local level, the state, county, and county set up the history of the thorn, supervising the post, the court and the puise, and the special code was signed to supervise the history of the thorn. In general, the rank of the central supervisory official increased slightly in the four dynasties: for example, the rank of imperial official rose to the third grade in Chen Dynasty, while the Shang Shu Zuo Premier was promoted to the fourth grade in the Liang and Chen dynasties. In the four dynasties, the subordinate officials in the imperial court basically did not change. What changed a little was the number of people who served the imperial history and the post of ruling the imperial history. The power and responsibility of governing the imperial history were slightly light in Song and Qi dynasties, and then increased to Liang. As for the local, in the middle and later period, there is no post, sign two posts. The supervisory power of the Southern Dynasty is rich, but the core of the supervisory power is still concentrated on the impeachment power of the officials. In addition, at the central level, Kushizhongcheng also enjoys the right to review the case, while the Shang Shu Zuo Prime Minister can request amendments to the current decrees. The supervisory powers of the local supervisory officers also have their own characteristics, such as the fact that the imperial autographs enjoy the rights of the kings. The power to supervise the history of thorn and the right to judge its government affairs, the state history of thorns should be strict to the agricultural mulberry, supervise the economy, and the governor has the right to review and impeach the case of the county order trial. In the specific exercise of supervisory power, different Southern Dynasty inspectors often adopt different ways. In addition to directly correcting impeachment, the imperial court can also conduct supervision through the way of word and story. Shang Shu Zuocheng mainly focuses on documents when he supervises, mostly by examining and approving the seal of the report. Among the local supervisory officials, the canon's supervision of the history of the kings'thorns was returned to the emperor through the form of secret papers, thus having a certain mysterious nature. In addition, all the countries of the Southern Dynasty frequently sent out missions, as an important way for the central government to supervise the localities on an irregular basis, thus strengthening the supervision of the central authorities over the localities. Although all the countries of the Southern Dynasty attach great importance to supervision and even take a series of measures to ensure the exercise of supervisory power, in the end, as an important tool to safeguard imperial power, supervision is still unable to get rid of the imperial power. It can be said that the effect of the exercise of the supervisory power in the Southern Dynasty has a great relationship with the emperor himself: the power is conferred by the emperor and the result is decided by the emperor alone. Because of this, there are still many lawless officials protected by imperial power in this period, thus leading to the exercise of supervisory power in the specific process, still struggling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D691.49
本文編號(hào)：2172014
[Abstract]:The exercise of supervisory power is an important link in the operation of supervisory system. Supervision has been an indispensable part of the political system since ancient times. The regimes of the four countries of the Southern Dynasty changed frequently, but there was a common feature, that is, the rulers of all dynasties attached great importance to supervision, but even so, they did not save the short-lived situation of the four dynasties. Under this paradox, It is very important to explore the specific exercise and effect of the supervisory power in the Southern Dynasty. Supervisory organization is the main body of exercising supervisory power. On the whole, the Southern Dynasty's supervisory institutions followed the Wei and Jin dynasties, but there were some changes from the previous dynasties. In this period, the supervisory organization was composed of two major systems: the central government and the local authorities. The central authorities set up the imperial court and the Shang Shu Zuocheng. At the local level, the state, county, and county set up the history of the thorn, supervising the post, the court and the puise, and the special code was signed to supervise the history of the thorn. In general, the rank of the central supervisory official increased slightly in the four dynasties: for example, the rank of imperial official rose to the third grade in Chen Dynasty, while the Shang Shu Zuo Premier was promoted to the fourth grade in the Liang and Chen dynasties. In the four dynasties, the subordinate officials in the imperial court basically did not change. What changed a little was the number of people who served the imperial history and the post of ruling the imperial history. The power and responsibility of governing the imperial history were slightly light in Song and Qi dynasties, and then increased to Liang. As for the local, in the middle and later period, there is no post, sign two posts. The supervisory power of the Southern Dynasty is rich, but the core of the supervisory power is still concentrated on the impeachment power of the officials. In addition, at the central level, Kushizhongcheng also enjoys the right to review the case, while the Shang Shu Zuo Prime Minister can request amendments to the current decrees. The supervisory powers of the local supervisory officers also have their own characteristics, such as the fact that the imperial autographs enjoy the rights of the kings. The power to supervise the history of thorn and the right to judge its government affairs, the state history of thorns should be strict to the agricultural mulberry, supervise the economy, and the governor has the right to review and impeach the case of the county order trial. In the specific exercise of supervisory power, different Southern Dynasty inspectors often adopt different ways. In addition to directly correcting impeachment, the imperial court can also conduct supervision through the way of word and story. Shang Shu Zuocheng mainly focuses on documents when he supervises, mostly by examining and approving the seal of the report. Among the local supervisory officials, the canon's supervision of the history of the kings'thorns was returned to the emperor through the form of secret papers, thus having a certain mysterious nature. In addition, all the countries of the Southern Dynasty frequently sent out missions, as an important way for the central government to supervise the localities on an irregular basis, thus strengthening the supervision of the central authorities over the localities. Although all the countries of the Southern Dynasty attach great importance to supervision and even take a series of measures to ensure the exercise of supervisory power, in the end, as an important tool to safeguard imperial power, supervision is still unable to get rid of the imperial power. It can be said that the effect of the exercise of the supervisory power in the Southern Dynasty has a great relationship with the emperor himself: the power is conferred by the emperor and the result is decided by the emperor alone. Because of this, there are still many lawless officials protected by imperial power in this period, thus leading to the exercise of supervisory power in the specific process, still struggling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D691.49
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 戴詠靈;南朝監(jiān)察權(quán)的行使研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2016年
，本文編號(hào)：2172014
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/guojiguanxi/2172014.html
最近更新
教材專著
