中東劇變以來(lái)摩洛哥正義與發(fā)展黨研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-07 18:37
【摘要】：本文首先分析了摩洛哥國(guó)內(nèi)的政治格局,以及王室與溫和伊斯蘭力量之間的關(guān)系。摩洛哥實(shí)行君主立憲制,但實(shí)際屬于君主專制,建立在神權(quán)統(tǒng)治思想基礎(chǔ)上的王室牢牢掌控著摩洛哥的最高宗教權(quán)力和政治權(quán)力�！罢嬷�、國(guó)家和國(guó)王”是根植于政體中的三大不可動(dòng)搖要素,正義與發(fā)展黨由于其伊斯蘭背景長(zhǎng)期遭受王室打壓,但得益于該黨不斷調(diào)整指導(dǎo)思想和組織結(jié)構(gòu),謀求政治合法性和參與國(guó)內(nèi)的政治活動(dòng),逐漸獲得王室認(rèn)可,上升為摩洛哥國(guó)內(nèi)一股不可忽視的政治力量。特別是2011年和2016年兩次議會(huì)選舉的勝利,讓正義與發(fā)展黨成為摩洛哥的第一大黨。而左翼政黨(如獨(dú)立黨)在獨(dú)立后因試圖建立民族主義國(guó)家而被王室打壓,執(zhí)政表現(xiàn)不佳,民意支持不斷下滑。�；收h因真實(shí)與現(xiàn)代黨的加入勢(shì)力逐漸上升,特別是2016年選舉后。全國(guó)力量社會(huì)主義聯(lián)盟在議會(huì)中的席位數(shù)雖然在減少,但其作為聯(lián)合政府的拉攏對(duì)象努力建立一個(gè)以自己為中心的集團(tuán)以對(duì)抗正義與發(fā)展黨。而真實(shí)與現(xiàn)代黨在議會(huì)中的席位數(shù)不斷增加,甚至接近正義與發(fā)展黨的席位數(shù),其實(shí)力不容小覷。因此,當(dāng)前摩洛哥國(guó)內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)出以溫和伊斯蘭力量為主導(dǎo),左翼力量下降,保皇力量逐漸上升的局面。其次,本文重點(diǎn)對(duì)2011年“阿拉伯之春”發(fā)生以后正義與發(fā)展黨的發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行考察。通過(guò)回顧“阿拉伯之春”事件、憲法改革和議會(huì)選舉,分析正義與發(fā)展黨在議會(huì)選舉中的競(jìng)選方針,如繼續(xù)機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)、民主建設(shè)和反腐;建設(shè)富強(qiáng)、有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、多產(chǎn)和保障社會(huì)公平的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì);以強(qiáng)大的家庭、受尊重的婦女和杰出的青年為支柱,以特色學(xué)校和尊嚴(yán)為基礎(chǔ),建設(shè)團(tuán)結(jié)互助的繁榮社會(huì);在伊斯蘭淵源和摩洛哥身份的基礎(chǔ)上復(fù)興和更新純正的摩洛哥價(jià)值觀等,進(jìn)而探究其競(jìng)選獲勝的意義。正義與發(fā)展黨的勝利不僅證明了該黨理念和方針的正確性,還加強(qiáng)了王室的合法性,樹(shù)立了一個(gè)民主的摩洛哥國(guó)家形象,增強(qiáng)了選舉結(jié)果的權(quán)威性。本文還分別分析了正義與發(fā)展黨在兩次議會(huì)選舉中獲勝的原因。2011年議會(huì)選舉中,正義與發(fā)展黨出色的表現(xiàn)不僅依靠外部環(huán)境帶來(lái)的機(jī)遇,如“阿拉伯之春”帶來(lái)的改革潮流、國(guó)內(nèi)“和平”穩(wěn)定的過(guò)渡環(huán)境、國(guó)王主動(dòng)改革的決心等,更依靠自身長(zhǎng)期的努力、嚴(yán)格的組織和民主管理、務(wù)實(shí)的作風(fēng)、清白的從政經(jīng)歷和滿足人民需求的改革方案。同樣,在2016年的議會(huì)選舉中,正義與發(fā)展黨再次獲勝,除上述提到的部分原因外,該黨在任期內(nèi)的出色表現(xiàn)、長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)與王室合作而不沖突的立場(chǎng)和反對(duì)派的虛弱也是其獲勝的原因。同時(shí),本文還研究了正義與發(fā)展黨在2016年選舉中獲勝的影響。對(duì)于摩洛哥國(guó)內(nèi)來(lái)說(shuō),正義與發(fā)展黨的勝利再次彰顯了摩洛哥的民主進(jìn)步,維護(hù)了國(guó)內(nèi)的政治穩(wěn)定,倒逼其他弱勢(shì)反對(duì)派參與聯(lián)合政府,也為正義與發(fā)展黨的未來(lái)執(zhí)政提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn)。而對(duì)于周邊地區(qū),特別是西亞北非地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō),正義與發(fā)展黨的二次勝利,向其他國(guó)家的伊斯蘭力量證明了這種模式是正確可行的,即脫離原教旨主義思想,淡化組織的宗教身份,采取溫和務(wù)實(shí)的方針政策,向世俗化方向不斷努力,成為一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的民主合法組織,獲取民眾的支持,在選舉中取得勝利,獲得權(quán)力和安全保障。最后,本文對(duì)正義與發(fā)展黨未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了展望。正義與發(fā)展黨的第二個(gè)任期面臨的挑戰(zhàn)更為嚴(yán)峻,不僅要處理好新政府的組建,制定清晰的政府工作計(jì)劃,更要在下一次選舉到來(lái)之前處理好尚未完成的改革問(wèn)題,積極落實(shí)憲法條款,借助民眾的力量爭(zhēng)取更大的執(zhí)政權(quán)。
[Abstract]:This article first analyzes the political pattern in Morocco and the relationship between the royal family and the mildly Islamic power. Morocco implements the constitutional monarchy, but it actually belongs to the monarchy. The royal family, based on the thought of theocracy, firmly controls the supreme religious and political power of Morocco. "Allah, the state and the king". It is the three unshakable element rooted in the political system. The Party of justice and development has been subjected to the royal family for a long time because of its Islamic background, but it has benefited from the party's continuous adjustment of guiding ideology and organizational structure, the pursuit of political legitimacy and participation in domestic political activities, and the gradual acquisition of Royal recognition and an unnegligible government in Morocco. The victory of the two parliamentary elections in 2011 and 2016 made the Party of justice and development become the largest party in Morocco. The left wing party (such as the independent party) was suppressed by the royal family in an attempt to establish a nationalist country after independence. After the 2016 elections, especially after the 2016 election, the number of seats in the parliament of the national strength Socialist Union was decreasing, but as a close object of the coalition government, it tried to establish a group of its own centered to fight the justice and development party. The strength of the seat number of the Party of justice and development can not be underestimated. Therefore, the current situation in Morocco is dominated by the mildly Islamic force, the left wing strength is declining, and the power of the emperor is rising gradually. Secondly, this article focuses on the investigation of the development of justice and development party after the "Arabia spring" in 2011. The Arabia spring event, constitutional reform and parliamentary elections to analyze the policy of the justice and development party in the parliamentary elections, such as continuing the construction of institutions, democratic construction and anti-corruption; building a strong, competitive, productive and social equity national economy; a strong family, respected women and outstanding young people as a pillar and characteristics. On the basis of school and dignity, building a prosperous society of solidarity and mutual assistance, reviving and renewing pure Morocco values on the basis of Islamic origin and Morocco identity, and further exploring the significance of its election victory. The victory of justice and development party not only proves the correctness of the party's ideas and principles, but also strengthens the legitimacy of the royal family. A democratic Morocco national image has been established to enhance the authority of the election results. This paper also analyzes the reasons why justice and Development Party won in the two parliamentary elections in the.2011 parliamentary election, the outstanding performance of justice and development party not only depends on the opportunities brought by the external environment, such as the reform brought by the "Arabia spring". The trend, the domestic "peaceful" and stable transition environment, the determination of the king's initiative to reform, and more relying on its own long-term efforts, strict organizational and democratic management, practical work style, clear political experience and the reform plan to meet the needs of the people. In the 2016 parliamentary elections, the justice and Development Party won again, in addition to the above mentioned In part, in part, the party's outstanding performance in term of office, the position of long-term cooperation with the royal family, and the weakness of the opposition are also the reasons for its victory. At the same time, this article also studies the effect of the victory of the justice and development party in the 2016 election. For Morocco, the victory of justice and Development Party has shown the Moro again. The democratic progress of the brother, maintaining political stability at home and forcing other disadvantaged opposition parties to participate in the coalition government, has also challenged the future ruling of justice and development party. For the surrounding areas, especially in North Africa, the two victory of justice and development has been proved to the Islamic forces in other countries. The model is correct and feasible, that is, to break away from the fundamentalist ideology, to weaken the religious identity of the organization, to adopt a gentle and pragmatic policy, to make continuous efforts in the direction of the secularization of the world, to become a modern and democratic and legitimate organization, to obtain the support of the people, to win in the election, to gain power and security. Finally, this article is on justice and development. The development trend of the party's future is looked forward to. The challenges facing the second term of justice and development party are more severe, not only to deal with the formation of the new government, to make clear government work plans, but to deal with the unfinished reform problems before the next election, to actively implement the constitutional provisions and to fight with the power of the people. Take a greater power in power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D815.4
本文編號(hào)：2170978
[Abstract]:This article first analyzes the political pattern in Morocco and the relationship between the royal family and the mildly Islamic power. Morocco implements the constitutional monarchy, but it actually belongs to the monarchy. The royal family, based on the thought of theocracy, firmly controls the supreme religious and political power of Morocco. "Allah, the state and the king". It is the three unshakable element rooted in the political system. The Party of justice and development has been subjected to the royal family for a long time because of its Islamic background, but it has benefited from the party's continuous adjustment of guiding ideology and organizational structure, the pursuit of political legitimacy and participation in domestic political activities, and the gradual acquisition of Royal recognition and an unnegligible government in Morocco. The victory of the two parliamentary elections in 2011 and 2016 made the Party of justice and development become the largest party in Morocco. The left wing party (such as the independent party) was suppressed by the royal family in an attempt to establish a nationalist country after independence. After the 2016 elections, especially after the 2016 election, the number of seats in the parliament of the national strength Socialist Union was decreasing, but as a close object of the coalition government, it tried to establish a group of its own centered to fight the justice and development party. The strength of the seat number of the Party of justice and development can not be underestimated. Therefore, the current situation in Morocco is dominated by the mildly Islamic force, the left wing strength is declining, and the power of the emperor is rising gradually. Secondly, this article focuses on the investigation of the development of justice and development party after the "Arabia spring" in 2011. The Arabia spring event, constitutional reform and parliamentary elections to analyze the policy of the justice and development party in the parliamentary elections, such as continuing the construction of institutions, democratic construction and anti-corruption; building a strong, competitive, productive and social equity national economy; a strong family, respected women and outstanding young people as a pillar and characteristics. On the basis of school and dignity, building a prosperous society of solidarity and mutual assistance, reviving and renewing pure Morocco values on the basis of Islamic origin and Morocco identity, and further exploring the significance of its election victory. The victory of justice and development party not only proves the correctness of the party's ideas and principles, but also strengthens the legitimacy of the royal family. A democratic Morocco national image has been established to enhance the authority of the election results. This paper also analyzes the reasons why justice and Development Party won in the two parliamentary elections in the.2011 parliamentary election, the outstanding performance of justice and development party not only depends on the opportunities brought by the external environment, such as the reform brought by the "Arabia spring". The trend, the domestic "peaceful" and stable transition environment, the determination of the king's initiative to reform, and more relying on its own long-term efforts, strict organizational and democratic management, practical work style, clear political experience and the reform plan to meet the needs of the people. In the 2016 parliamentary elections, the justice and Development Party won again, in addition to the above mentioned In part, in part, the party's outstanding performance in term of office, the position of long-term cooperation with the royal family, and the weakness of the opposition are also the reasons for its victory. At the same time, this article also studies the effect of the victory of the justice and development party in the 2016 election. For Morocco, the victory of justice and Development Party has shown the Moro again. The democratic progress of the brother, maintaining political stability at home and forcing other disadvantaged opposition parties to participate in the coalition government, has also challenged the future ruling of justice and development party. For the surrounding areas, especially in North Africa, the two victory of justice and development has been proved to the Islamic forces in other countries. The model is correct and feasible, that is, to break away from the fundamentalist ideology, to weaken the religious identity of the organization, to adopt a gentle and pragmatic policy, to make continuous efforts in the direction of the secularization of the world, to become a modern and democratic and legitimate organization, to obtain the support of the people, to win in the election, to gain power and security. Finally, this article is on justice and development. The development trend of the party's future is looked forward to. The challenges facing the second term of justice and development party are more severe, not only to deal with the formation of the new government, to make clear government work plans, but to deal with the unfinished reform problems before the next election, to actively implement the constitutional provisions and to fight with the power of the people. Take a greater power in power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D815.4
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