【摘要】：黎巴嫩的教派分權(quán)體制是中東地區(qū)協(xié)和式民主政體的典型代表,德魯茲派在這一體制的起源與形成進程中扮演了關(guān)鍵角色。1943年獨立以來,黎巴嫩的協(xié)和式教派政體經(jīng)歷了"建立-維系-崩潰-重建"的完整循環(huán)。受限于制度固有缺陷、外部政治環(huán)境、教派內(nèi)部政治動力及獨特歷史經(jīng)驗等因素的復(fù)雜影響,黎巴嫩德魯茲精英的政治參與模式也經(jīng)歷了由體制內(nèi)傳統(tǒng)派系政治、體制外激進左翼政治、國家崩潰時期的教派武裝割據(jù),最終回歸體制內(nèi)教派政治的循環(huán)。黎巴嫩德魯茲派的案例表明,協(xié)和式政體設(shè)計雖能基本保障少數(shù)族裔群體的政治參與,但由于多重原因在穩(wěn)定性方面存在重大隱患,其經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)值得中東多族群國家在危機解決、體制重建中適當(dāng)借鑒。
[Abstract]:The system of sectarian decentralization in Lebanon is a typical representative of a Concorde democracy in the Middle East, in which the Druze played a key role in the process of its origin and formation. The Concorde regime in Lebanon has gone through a complete cycle of building-sustaining-collapsing-rebuilding. Limited by the inherent defects of the system, the external political environment, the internal political power of the sect and the unique historical experience, the political participation model of the Lebanese Druze elite has also experienced the traditional factional politics within the system. Radical left-wing politics outside the system, sectarian armed separation during the collapse of the state, finally returned to the cycle of sectarian politics within the system. The case of the Druze faction in Lebanon shows that while the Concorde regime design basically guarantees the political participation of ethnic minorities, there are major risks to stability due to multiple reasons. Its experience and lessons should be used for reference in the crisis resolution and institutional reconstruction in the multi-ethnic countries of the Middle East.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院阿拉伯語系;
【分類號】：D737.3

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