【摘要】：我國殘疾人有8500多萬，涉及親友達2.6億人，是一個龐大的社會弱勢群體，這一群體由于身體或者心理的缺陷而導(dǎo)致基本生活面臨很多困難，收入低導(dǎo)致無法滿足自身最基本的物質(zhì)需求，使得殘疾人在參與社會生活時面臨著巨大的障礙。對殘疾人進行社會救助，是一個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平與文明進步程度的重要標志。給予殘疾人社會關(guān)愛，使殘疾人享受同普通人一樣的發(fā)展的權(quán)利，保證殘疾人能夠擁有安定的物質(zhì)生活，擴展殘疾人的精神文化生活，對于我國構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文以太原市殘疾人社會救助作為研究對象，對太原市殘疾人就業(yè)、教育、生活等進行調(diào)查。太原市有殘疾人20.5萬人，占太原市總?cè)丝诘?0%，殘疾人數(shù)量多，殘疾人社會救助工作任務(wù)重。在就業(yè)方面，太原市有勞動能力的殘疾人數(shù)為11.8萬人，就業(yè)率為51.16%；教育培訓(xùn)方面，太原市有專門為殘疾人提供律動室、圖書室、功能訓(xùn)練室等教室以供殘疾人活動，還設(shè)有殘疾人培訓(xùn)創(chuàng)業(yè)基地，開設(shè)培訓(xùn)課程，太原市有5所特教學(xué)校和多個民辦學(xué)校，累計培訓(xùn)學(xué)生7866人；康復(fù)方面，太原市積極推進開展社區(qū)康復(fù)工作，讓殘疾人在家門口就能享受到康復(fù)訓(xùn)練，配合開展多項康復(fù)醫(yī)療救助活動，旨在提高殘疾人的康復(fù)率；開展扶貧項目，降低殘疾人的貧困程度，保證殘疾人的基本生活，給予殘疾人法律援助，，提高殘疾人的法律意識，同時促進殘疾人法律政策的完善。 在太原各級政府和殘疾人組織的支持下，殘疾人社會救助取得了成效，截止2014年，新增就業(yè)人數(shù)3000人，培訓(xùn)總?cè)藬?shù)增加了579人，培訓(xùn)完成率為151.7%�？祻�(fù)器械的使用率高，但康復(fù)醫(yī)療費用高，殘疾人康復(fù)水平較低。深入研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)，太原市殘疾人社會救助還存在著很多問題，殘疾人自身觀念有待提高，就業(yè)跟蹤工作有待完善，殘疾人救助的資金短缺，后續(xù)力量有待提高。 國外典型國家殘疾人社會救助有不同的特色，美國公助性模式以政府主導(dǎo)，財政支持力量大，全方位為殘疾人提供救助；英國殘疾人救助以統(tǒng)一和公平為特點，旨在全民享受同樣待遇；德國高福利救助模式使殘疾人無憂生活。借鑒國外先進經(jīng)驗，對于改進我國殘疾人社會救助工作有積極作用。具體對策包括完善殘疾人法制保障，為殘疾人的合法權(quán)利提供法律支持；優(yōu)化殘疾人救助觀念，以公平為先，發(fā)動社會力量關(guān)注殘疾人群體；加大財政投入、吸納社會資金，共同為殘疾人救助提供資金保障。改進我國殘疾人社會救助的不足之處，落實到太原市殘疾人社會救助的具體問題上，才能使太原市殘疾人的社會救助朝著更好的方向前進。
[Abstract]:There are more than 85 million disabled people in our country, involving 260 million relatives and friends. They are a huge social vulnerable group. This group faces many difficulties in basic life because of their physical or psychological defects. Low income leads to the inability to meet their most basic material needs, which makes the disabled face enormous obstacles in participating in social life. Social assistance to the disabled is an important symbol of a country's level of economic development and progress of civilization. Giving social care to persons with disabilities, enabling them to enjoy the same rights to development as ordinary people, ensuring a stable material life for persons with disabilities, and expanding the spiritual and cultural life of persons with disabilities, It is of great practical significance to build a harmonious socialist society in our country. This paper investigates the employment, education and life of the disabled in Taiyuan. Taiyuan has 205000 disabled people, accounting for 20% of the total population of Taiyuan. In terms of employment, the number of people with disabilities who have the ability to work in Taiyuan is 118000, and the employment rate is 51.16.The City of Taiyuan has special classrooms for the disabled in terms of education and training, such as rhythm rooms, library rooms, functional training rooms, and so on. There are also training bases for persons with disabilities and training courses. Taiyuan has five special education schools and a number of private schools, with a total of 7866 students trained. In rehabilitation, Taiyuan actively promotes community rehabilitation. To enable disabled people to enjoy rehabilitation training in front of their homes, to cooperate with a number of rehabilitation medical assistance activities aimed at increasing the rate of rehabilitation of disabled persons, to carry out poverty alleviation projects to reduce the poverty level of disabled persons and to ensure their basic livelihood. Give legal aid to the disabled, raise the legal awareness of the disabled, and promote the improvement of the legal policy for the disabled. With the support of Taiyuan government at all levels and disabled organizations, social assistance for the disabled has achieved results. By 2014, 3000 new employees had been employed, the total number of training personnel had increased by 579, and the training completion rate was 151.7%. The utilization rate of rehabilitation equipment is high, but the cost of rehabilitation medical treatment is high, and the rehabilitation level of disabled persons is lower. After in-depth study, it is found that there are still many problems in social assistance for the disabled in Taiyuan. The concept of disabled people needs to be improved, the work of employment tracking needs to be improved, the fund for disabled assistance is short, and the follow-up force needs to be improved. There are different characteristics of social assistance for disabled people in typical foreign countries. The mode of public aid in the United States is led by the government, with great financial support, and it provides assistance to persons with disabilities in all directions, while the assistance for disabled people in the United Kingdom is characterized by unity and fairness. Aim to enjoy the same treatment for all; Germany's high-welfare aid model makes the disabled carefree. Drawing on the advanced experience of foreign countries, it has a positive effect on improving the social assistance for the disabled in our country. The specific countermeasures include perfecting the legal protection of the disabled, providing legal support for the legal rights of the disabled; optimizing the concept of relief for the disabled, taking equity as the first step, mobilizing social forces to pay attention to the disabled groups; increasing financial investment and absorbing social funds. Jointly provide financial support for disabled people's assistance. Only by improving the inadequacies of social assistance for the disabled in our country can we make the social assistance of the disabled in Taiyuan move towards a better direction by implementing the specific problems of the social assistance for the disabled in Taiyuan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.69

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