本文選題：社區(qū)碎片化 + 公益創(chuàng)投�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：馬恩經(jīng)典理論認(rèn)為社會(huì)科學(xué)研究的重要任務(wù)不僅在于認(rèn)識(shí)世界,探索事物發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律,更重要的是為了改造世界。未來(lái)社會(huì)發(fā)展的不確定性也總激發(fā)理論探索者在指導(dǎo)改造世界的同時(shí),充滿著對(duì)未來(lái)理想圖景的思考。遵循此理念,筆者分為以下五部分展開全文：一是問(wèn)題意識(shí)。主要圍繞“國(guó)家權(quán)力介入基層社會(huì)共同體建構(gòu)的可能”問(wèn)題意識(shí)為核心,展開實(shí)證分析和學(xué)術(shù)對(duì)話。具體而言：為什么中國(guó)城市社區(qū)建設(shè)經(jīng)過(guò)近30年的發(fā)展,社區(qū)居民自治水平和居民自治能力依然低下?導(dǎo)致社區(qū)居民自治空轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)制及其背后的邏輯是什么?如何破解中國(guó)城市社區(qū)居民自治空轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)狀,建構(gòu)理想型的現(xiàn)代化基層社會(huì)生活共同體?換句話說(shuō),整體性治理理論預(yù)設(shè)高度組織化的社會(huì)下,通過(guò)整體性政府建立實(shí)現(xiàn)善治的可能。放置于中國(guó)時(shí)空下,筆者認(rèn)為社會(huì)組織化水平與政府功能整合程度相互影響,兩者存在同步進(jìn)行趨勢(shì),并且社會(huì)組織化水平的第一推動(dòng)力為公共行政部門。這項(xiàng)研究讓我們可以解釋在不同的文化背景下,社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)與公共行政體制是如何影響了治理理論在中國(guó)不同的表現(xiàn)形式,有利于在理論上反思治理理論應(yīng)用本士的適用和限度。二是縱向歷史維度分析。放置于中國(guó)城市社區(qū)歷史的變遷角度來(lái)看,主要?jiǎng)澐譃榭傮w性社會(huì)下的社區(qū)建設(shè)和分化性社會(huì)下社區(qū)建設(shè)兩個(gè)階段。在前一個(gè)階段,高度行政整合的社會(huì)幾乎不存在社區(qū)居民自治體系發(fā)育的土壤。在后一個(gè)階段,隨著公域、私域、日常生活領(lǐng)域的分化,社區(qū)居民自治在政策制度體系初步確立。其背后轉(zhuǎn)型的動(dòng)力源宏觀上主要有社會(huì)組織發(fā)展環(huán)境改善與社會(huì)職業(yè)群體分層、社會(huì)群體利益分化三個(gè)方面,微觀上體現(xiàn)為以社區(qū)類型空問(wèn)演變、流動(dòng)人口社區(qū)分布以及特殊人群需求多元化等特征的社區(qū)分化。在此背景下,以政府為主導(dǎo)推動(dòng)的社區(qū)建設(shè),短時(shí)間內(nèi)使社區(qū)硬件設(shè)施以及人員組織體系迅速得以完善,然而社區(qū)居民自治能力和自治水平依然較為低下。三是共時(shí)性比較分析。造成當(dāng)下中國(guó)城市社區(qū)建設(shè)困境的主因歸結(jié)為社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)的碎片化和政府功能的分散化。社區(qū)碎片化是工業(yè)化推進(jìn)過(guò)程中傳統(tǒng)共同體瓦解的自然反應(yīng),而中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中公共理性精神的發(fā)育不良是社區(qū)碎片化難以進(jìn)行自我療傷的深層次邏輯。政府功能分散化是以功能性分工為原則的官僚科層體制自身的弊端造成,也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)官僚政治文化觸手在當(dāng)下社會(huì)的延伸。其中,社區(qū)碎片化與政府功能碎片化(分散化)的關(guān)系并非單向度的因果關(guān)系,而是互為因果,相互影響。一方面碎片化的社區(qū)無(wú)力組織自我服務(wù),只能依靠行政力量、行政資源與行政方式填補(bǔ),另一方面功能分散化的政府分割了社區(qū)事務(wù)和公共服務(wù),造成社區(qū)行政化與負(fù)擔(dān)不斷加重。四是社區(qū)整合實(shí)踐反思。依據(jù)西方社區(qū)建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看,組織整合是未來(lái)中國(guó)碎片化社區(qū)修補(bǔ)的方向,也是建設(shè)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活共同體的關(guān)鍵。在中國(guó)當(dāng)下強(qiáng)國(guó)家-弱社會(huì)格局下,現(xiàn)代社會(huì)組織共同體的建構(gòu),需要以政府為主導(dǎo)力量的介入。源于歐美國(guó)家的公益創(chuàng)投活動(dòng),因能夠迅速有效培育社會(huì)組織,促進(jìn)社會(huì)管理創(chuàng)新,而備受我國(guó)地方政府推崇。公益創(chuàng)投有孵化器與項(xiàng)目孵化兩種主要模式,前者依托實(shí)體孵化機(jī)構(gòu)和場(chǎng)所,進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)培育,后者依靠項(xiàng)目與技術(shù)支持,化居民需求創(chuàng)意為微型社團(tuán),實(shí)施微型自治。他們的共同點(diǎn)都在于能夠通過(guò)組織培育,整合破碎化的社區(qū),優(yōu)化政府部門資源和權(quán)力輸出方式,并有使政府及其執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、社會(huì)組織、社區(qū)組織等利益相關(guān)方在公共資源分配及享用過(guò)程中,形成良性互動(dòng)、權(quán)責(zé)對(duì)等的關(guān)系。五是未來(lái)發(fā)展圖景與理論提升。整體性社區(qū)與碎片化社區(qū)相對(duì),是對(duì)未來(lái)城市社區(qū)發(fā)展的暢想,是不同類型的社會(huì)組織彼此依托、相輔相成,共同構(gòu)筑起社區(qū)公共生活的完整空間,是政府部門、社區(qū)和社會(huì)組織三個(gè)治理主體間合作過(guò)程中,滿足居民公共服務(wù)需求,實(shí)現(xiàn)自治能力提升的理想型社會(huì)生活共同體狀態(tài)。通過(guò)對(duì)公益創(chuàng)投反思,結(jié)合整體性治理理論,筆者建構(gòu)了社區(qū)治理“陀螺模型圖”,它被賦予實(shí)現(xiàn)整體性社區(qū)的重任,主要內(nèi)容包括公益服務(wù)項(xiàng)目整合機(jī)制、以平臺(tái)發(fā)育與社會(huì)組織絡(luò)整合機(jī)制、以社區(qū)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)整合機(jī)制,以及三者之間相互支持與協(xié)助的整合網(wǎng)絡(luò)機(jī)制。六是結(jié)論,即社區(qū)居民自治空轉(zhuǎn)是社區(qū)碎片化和政府功能分散化相互疊加的結(jié)果,整體性社區(qū)是社區(qū)居民自治的理想圖景,他的實(shí)現(xiàn)是政府主動(dòng)介入社區(qū)社會(huì)組織和社會(huì)組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系建構(gòu),同步推動(dòng)政府部門功能整合的過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:The important task of the social science research is not only to know the world, to explore the objective law of the development of things, but also to transform the world. The uncertainty of the future social development will always inspire the theoretical explorers to remould the world and be full of thinking about the future ideal. The author is divided into the following five parts: one is the problem consciousness. The main focus is on the consciousness of "the possibility" of "state power intervening the basic social community construction" as the core, and carries out empirical analysis and academic dialogue. Specifically, why Chinese urban community construction has been developed for nearly 30 years, the level of community autonomy and the residents' Autonomy What is the mechanism and the logic behind the autonomy of community residents? How to solve the present situation of urban community residents' autonomy and construct an ideal modern community of social life in the grass-roots level? In other words, the holistic governance theory presupposes the establishment of a holistic government through a holistic government. The possibility of good governance is to achieve good governance. In China, the author believes that the level of social organization and the degree of integration of government functions interact with each other, and the two exist in the same trend, and the first driving force of the level of social organization is the public administration. This study allows us to explain the structure and public structure of the community under different cultural backgrounds. How the common administrative system affects the different forms of governance in China, and helps to reflect on the application and limitation of the application of the principal in the theory of governance. Two is the analysis of the vertical historical dimension. In the perspective of the change of Chinese urban community history, it is mainly divided into the community construction and the differentiated society under the general society. There are two stages of community construction. In the first stage, there is little soil for the development of community residents' autonomy in the highly administrative integration society. In the latter stage, with the division of public domain, private domain and daily life, community residents' autonomy in the policy system is initially established. The organizational development environment improvement and social professional group stratification, social group interests differentiation three aspects, the microcosmic embodiment is the community type empty question evolution, the mobile population community distribution and the special crowd demand diversity and so on characteristic community differentiation. In this background, the community construction which is driven by the government, makes the community hard in a short time. The facilities and personnel organization system have been rapidly improved, but the autonomy and autonomy of community residents are still relatively low. Three is the comparative analysis of synchronic. The main cause of the dilemma of urban community construction in China is the fragmentation of community structure and the decentralization of government functions. Community fragmentation is the process of industrialization The natural reaction of the disintegration of the traditional community, and the poor development of the public rational spirit in the traditional Chinese culture is the deep logic that the community fragmentation is difficult to self heal. The decentralization of government function is caused by the bureaucratic bureaucratic system of functional division of labor itself, and the traditional bureaucratic political culture of China. The relationship between the fragmentation of the community and the fragmentation of government function is not a one-way causality, but a cause and effect. On the one hand, the fragmented community is unable to organize self-service, which can only be filled by administrative power, administrative resources and administrative ways, on the other hand, the decentralization of government points. Community affairs and public services have been cut and the community administration and burden are aggravated. Four is the reflection of community integration practice. According to the experience of the western community construction, the organization integration is the direction of the future Chinese fragmented community repair and the key to the construction of the modern social life community. The construction of the social organization community needs the intervention of the government as the leading force. The public venture capital activities originating in the European and American countries are highly respected by the local governments of our country for the rapid and effective cultivation of social organizations and the promotion of social management innovation. The public venture capital has two main models of incubator and project hatching, the former relies on the entity incubator. The latter relies on projects and technical support, and the latter relies on the support of projects and technology, the creation of the residents' needs as micro societies, and the implementation of micro autonomy. Their common point is that they are able to cultivate, integrate broken communities through organizational cultivation, optimize government departments' resources and power output formula, and have the government and its executive agencies, social organizations, and communities. In the process of distribution and enjoyment of public resources, organizations and other stakeholders form a positive interaction, the relationship between power and responsibility. Five is the future development picture and theory promotion. The whole community and the fragmented community are relative to the future urban community development, and the different types of social organizations support each other, complement each other, and build a society together. The complete space of public life in the district is an ideal social life community state in which the government departments, the community and the social organizations cooperate with the three governance bodies to meet the needs of the residents' public service and achieve the promotion of autonomy. The author constructs the "gyro model of community governance" through the Reflection on the public service and the integration of the holistic governance theory. It is entrusted with the task of realizing the whole community. The main contents include the integration mechanism of public service projects, the integration mechanism of platform development and social organization, the integration mechanism of community self-organizing network, and the integrated network mechanism of mutual support and assistance between the three. Six is the conclusion that community residents' autonomy is the community debris. The whole community is the ideal picture of community residents' autonomy, and his realization is the process that the government actively intervenes in the construction of the network system of community organizations and social organizations, and synchronously promotes the function integration of the government departments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D669.3
，

本文編號(hào)：2079811