本文選題：種姓制度 + 印度政治制度�。� 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：種姓制度是一種特殊的文化現(xiàn)象,在世界范圍內(nèi)并不普遍,僅僅在南亞印度、斯里蘭卡以及巴基斯坦等地區(qū)存在。其中最具代表性的就是印度的種姓制度。印度種姓制度已經(jīng)持續(xù)發(fā)展了幾千年,延續(xù)到至今則衍生出一系列社會(huì)問題。但是現(xiàn)階段印度社會(huì)中,種姓與印度政治,種姓與政黨,種姓與政治民主化,種姓與印度社會(huì)斗爭(zhēng)等又都密不可分,影響到了印度社會(huì)的方方面面,對(duì)于印度政治起到了一定的積極與消極作用。印度政治體制雖然實(shí)現(xiàn)了議會(huì)民主,形成三權(quán)分立的格局,但一直以來司法體系與立法體系的弱化使得權(quán)力集中在行政系統(tǒng),難以實(shí)現(xiàn)真的民主。民主政治在發(fā)展過程中需要來自各個(gè)階層的聲音,需要不同勢(shì)力在利用平衡的過程中推動(dòng)社會(huì)發(fā)展。而在印度社會(huì)中,不同階層的聲音主要來自不同種姓,種姓群體及其種姓政黨、種姓協(xié)會(huì)在社會(huì)的影響力不斷提升,推動(dòng)了印度政治的民主化。隨著種姓勢(shì)力的崛起,印度政壇逐漸從一黨獨(dú)大發(fā)展到兩級(jí)格局,再到當(dāng)前的勢(shì)力林立。進(jìn)而在選舉中政黨單純依靠背后的勢(shì)力已經(jīng)難以獨(dú)善其身,種姓勢(shì)力成為左右政局的關(guān)鍵因素,因此分析種姓制度對(duì)民主政治發(fā)展的影響十分關(guān)鍵。但無論種姓政黨還是種姓協(xié)會(huì),在政治民主化過程中起到何種作用,其畢竟都是奴隸社會(huì)產(chǎn)生,封建社會(huì)延續(xù)的陳舊制度,在當(dāng)下社會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)開放、自由、平等的理念下格格不入。種姓制度作為印度民眾最深惡痛絕的制度,其產(chǎn)生并非要與印度現(xiàn)代政治有任何瓜葛,只是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)今客觀對(duì)民主政治化造成一定影響。因此我們對(duì)種姓制度應(yīng)該理性看待,首先在尊重其在印度傳統(tǒng)文化、宗教文化中的地位,其次需要在當(dāng)下強(qiáng)調(diào)開放與民主的理念之下認(rèn)清種姓制度淡化的趨勢(shì)。印度也需要在不斷的發(fā)展中逐漸通過制度與機(jī)制的完善打破種姓政治相對(duì)獨(dú)立的格局,讓種姓制度在政治民主化過程中盡可能發(fā)揮積極作用。本文在研究中是以的國(guó)際關(guān)系理論為基礎(chǔ),并結(jié)合社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)以及宗教相關(guān)理論,以印度種姓制度作為切入點(diǎn),對(duì)種姓制度在印度民主政治發(fā)展中的影響進(jìn)行研究。具體來看,本文首先從兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行論述,對(duì)印度民主政治制度進(jìn)行介紹,分析了其民主政治的基礎(chǔ)和政治體系,并且介紹了種姓制對(duì)當(dāng)下對(duì)印度民眾的影響,最后將兩個(gè)層面進(jìn)行整合,討論種姓制度對(duì)印度民主政治的影響,隨后著重分析了種姓制度對(duì)印度政治的影響,并從積極影響和消極影響兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行討論。最后基于自身的理解分析種姓制度如何能夠在印度政治民主化以及印度社會(huì)中發(fā)揮積極作用,盡可能消除歧視和不平等,為民主政治發(fā)展提供更好的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Caste system is a special cultural phenomenon, which is not common all over the world. It exists only in India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan in South Asia. One of the most representative is the caste system in India. The caste system in India has been developing for thousands of years and has spawned a series of social problems. However, in the present stage of Indian society, caste is closely related to Indian politics, caste and political parties, caste and political democratization, caste and Indian social struggle, and has affected all aspects of Indian society. It played a positive and negative role in Indian politics. Although the Indian political system has realized the parliamentary democracy and formed the pattern of separation of three powers, the weakening of judicial and legislative system has made the power concentrated in the administrative system, so it is difficult to realize the true democracy. In the process of development, democratic politics needs voices from all walks of life and different forces to promote social development in the process of utilizing balance. In Indian society, the voices of different classes mainly come from different castes, caste groups and caste political parties, and the influence of caste associations in the society is increasing, which promotes the democratization of Indian politics. With the rise of caste power, Indian politics gradually developed from one party to two levels, and then to the current power. In the election, it is difficult for political parties to rely solely on the forces behind them. Caste forces have become the key factor to influence the political situation, so it is very important to analyze the influence of caste system on the development of democratic politics. However, whether the caste party or the caste association played any role in the process of political democratization, it was after all a legacy of slave society. The feudal society continued its old system, emphasizing openness and freedom in the present society. The idea of equality is out of place. Caste system, as one of the most abhorrent systems among the people of India, was not created to have any connection with modern Indian politics, but to the present day, it has exerted a certain influence on the politicization of democracy. Therefore, we should treat caste system rationally, first of all in respect of its position in Indian traditional culture and religious culture, and secondly, we should recognize the desalination trend of caste system under the concept of emphasizing openness and democracy. India also needs to break the relative independence of caste politics through the perfection of system and mechanism in order to make caste system play an active role in the process of political democratization. Based on the theory of international relations and combining with sociology, political science and religious theories, this paper studies the influence of caste system in the development of Indian democratic politics with the Indian caste system as the starting point. Specifically, this paper first discusses the Indian democratic political system from two angles, analyzes its democratic political foundation and political system, and introduces the current influence of caste system on the Indian people. Finally, the two levels are integrated to discuss the influence of caste system on Indian democratic politics, and then to analyze the influence of caste system on Indian politics, and to discuss it from both positive and negative aspects. Finally, it analyzes how caste system can play an active role in Indian political democratization and Indian society, eliminate discrimination and inequality as far as possible, and provide a better basic environment for the development of democratic politics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D735.1

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本文編號(hào)：2072550