本文選題：中東 + 民族國家建構(gòu)�。� 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自一戰(zhàn)后民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生以來,中東國家不僅沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)國家的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展,反而政治局勢更加動(dòng)蕩,現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展止步不前。2014年,伊斯蘭國的崛起,使全世界的目光再次聚焦中東。中東問題十分復(fù)雜。它交織著國內(nèi)國外矛盾、政治發(fā)展矛盾、宗教矛盾和民族矛盾等。本文選擇從民族國家建構(gòu)的視角研究中東局勢反復(fù)動(dòng)蕩的原因。首先,結(jié)合理論和歷史,廓清民族國家概念的內(nèi)涵,提出民族國家建構(gòu)的一般形態(tài),即在國家建設(shè)方面,建立穩(wěn)固的主權(quán)國家,強(qiáng)化國家認(rèn)同;在政治發(fā)展方面,實(shí)現(xiàn)民主轉(zhuǎn)型;在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,推動(dòng)民族國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,建立適合本國國情的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)制度;在社會(huì)層面,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的分層化、平等化;在宗教方面,推動(dòng)宗教改革,實(shí)現(xiàn)政教分離。其次,選擇中東地區(qū)伊拉克、巴列維時(shí)代的伊朗和土耳其三個(gè)世俗國家進(jìn)行研究。一方面借助文獻(xiàn)回顧法,梳理三國的民族國家建構(gòu)的歷史,增強(qiáng)對三國民族國家建構(gòu)歷史進(jìn)程的了解;另一方面借助案例研究法,對三個(gè)國家展開對比分析,剖析土耳其民族國家建構(gòu)取得成功的原因。最后,從民族國家建構(gòu)一般形態(tài)的五個(gè)層面入手,具體分析案例國家存在的問題,即始終未能消除宗教在世俗政治生活中的影響,始終未能建構(gòu)一個(gè)對內(nèi)至上、對外獨(dú)立的現(xiàn)代民族國家共同體,始終未能形成有效的國家治理能力,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了政教關(guān)系不清、部族和教派矛盾突出、國家認(rèn)同缺失、國家治理能力低下、跨國極端宗教組織活動(dòng)猖獗、民眾政治參與非理性色彩濃厚、民眾與世俗政權(quán)對立等問題。因此,應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)政教分離,推動(dòng)政權(quán)的世俗化;化解部族、宗教和雙泛主義的影響,強(qiáng)化國家認(rèn)同;以民眾滿意為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),強(qiáng)化國家的治理能力,合理滿足民眾的政治參與訴求;走具有本國特色的現(xiàn)代民族國家建構(gòu)之路,推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、政治的現(xiàn)代化。唯有此,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)中東局勢的穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of the post-World War I national liberation movement, countries in the Middle East have not only failed to achieve national stability and development, but have instead become more politically volatile and their modernization has stalled. In 2014, the rise of the Islamic State, Refocus the eyes of the world on the Middle East. The Middle East is a complex issue. It interweaves domestic and foreign contradictions, political development contradictions, religious contradictions and ethnic contradictions. This paper chooses to study the causes of repeated instability in the Middle East from the perspective of nation-state construction. First of all, combining theory and history, this paper clarifies the connotation of the concept of nation-state, and puts forward the general form of nation-state construction, that is, to establish a solid sovereign state and strengthen national identity in national construction, and to strengthen national identity in political development. To achieve democratic transformation; to promote the economic development of nation-state economies and to establish a market economy system suited to their national conditions; to achieve social stratification and equality at the social level; and to promote religious reform in the religious field, The separation of church and state is realized. Secondly, three secular countries, Iraq, Baleway and Turkey, were chosen to study. On the one hand, with the help of literature review, to sort out the history of the nation-state construction of the three countries, and to enhance the understanding of the historical process of the construction of the three nation-states; on the other hand, with the help of the case study, the author makes a comparative analysis of the three countries This paper analyzes the reasons for the success of the construction of the Turkish national state. Finally, starting from the five levels of nation-state construction of general form, the paper analyzes the problems existing in the case states, that is, the influence of religion in secular political life has not been eliminated, and the inner supremacy has never been constructed. The modern national community, which is independent from foreign countries, has never been able to form an effective national governance capacity, which has resulted in unclear relations between state and religion, prominent tribal and sectarian contradictions, lack of national identity, and low national governance capacity. Transnational extreme religious organization activities rampant, popular political participation irrationality color, people and secular regime opposition and other issues. Therefore, we should realize the separation of state and religion, promote the secularization of political power, dissolve the influence of clan, religion and bipanism, strengthen the national identity, strengthen the national governance ability and reasonably satisfy the political participation demands of the people. To promote the modernization of economy, culture and politics by taking the road of constructing a modern nation-state with national characteristics. Only in this way can we achieve stability in the Middle East.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D815.4

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