本文選題：非傳統(tǒng)安全 + 歐洲難民��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)后,難民問(wèn)題逐漸演變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)世界性問(wèn)題,牽動(dòng)著國(guó)際社會(huì)的神經(jīng)。從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō),難民問(wèn)題不僅代表著一個(gè)國(guó)家的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,還反映了地區(qū)安全與國(guó)際關(guān)系走向。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)難民署的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,截止到2015年,全球難民和國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者總數(shù)已突破6000萬(wàn)。也正是在2015年,歐洲迎來(lái)了二戰(zhàn)后規(guī)模最大也是最嚴(yán)重的難民危機(jī)。歐洲難民問(wèn)題是個(gè)老問(wèn)題,最早可以追溯至兩次世界大戰(zhàn)期間。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的創(chuàng)傷使歐洲承受了巨大的損失,也產(chǎn)生了上千萬(wàn)流離失所的難民。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,迎來(lái)了和平的歐洲上演了一場(chǎng)規(guī)模浩大的難民回歸潮,同時(shí)也催生了有關(guān)國(guó)際難民法規(guī)的形成以及難民組織的成立。冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,意識(shí)形態(tài)思維籠罩歐洲大陸,政治難民源源不斷地向西北歐等經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定國(guó)家涌去。隨著冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束,民族和種族問(wèn)題帶來(lái)的地區(qū)沖突與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)頻發(fā),從而導(dǎo)致了大量的難民由于地緣政治等因素涌向歐洲,并在一定程度上促進(jìn)了歐盟難民政策的不斷演進(jìn)。2015年涌入歐洲的難民呈現(xiàn)井噴式增長(zhǎng),給歐洲帶來(lái)了沉重壓力,不僅使歐洲各國(guó)紛紛一再收緊其難民政策,也暴露了歐盟在共同難民政策上的缺陷。本文主要是從非傳統(tǒng)安全的角度出發(fā),對(duì)歐洲難民問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的歷史軌跡和2015年以來(lái)歐洲難民問(wèn)題的新發(fā)展進(jìn)行了詳盡的分析和梳理,深入剖析了2015年以來(lái)歐洲難民問(wèn)題突爆的誘因及其影響,并嘗試提出歐洲難民問(wèn)題解決的新路徑。第一部分主要闡述了非傳統(tǒng)安全的概念和理論內(nèi)涵,及其對(duì)國(guó)際政治的影響。第二部分以二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束為節(jié)點(diǎn),詳盡梳理了歐洲難民問(wèn)題發(fā)展的四個(gè)階段。第三部分重點(diǎn)剖析了此次歐洲難民問(wèn)題突爆的誘因,即歐美大國(guó)博弈,歐盟本身難民制度與政策的缺陷和難民來(lái)源地自身等因素。第四部分則是揭示了歐洲難民問(wèn)題在國(guó)家、歐盟以及全球三個(gè)層面的影響。最后,嘗試指出了解決此次難民問(wèn)題的途徑,即歐洲國(guó)家強(qiáng)化集體意識(shí)、共同承擔(dān)責(zé)任、歐盟共同難民政策實(shí)現(xiàn)新整合以及強(qiáng)化全球意識(shí)、加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作。
[Abstract]:After entering the 20th century, the refugee problem has gradually evolved into a worldwide problem, which affects the nerve of the international community. In essence, the refugee problem not only represents the political and economic development of a country, but also reflects the trend of regional security and international relations. By 2015, the global number of refugees and internally displaced persons had topped 60 million, according to UNHCR. It was in 2015 that Europe saw its largest and worst refugee crisis after World War II. The problem of refugees in Europe is an old one, dating back to the first two world wars. The trauma of the war has left Europe with enormous losses and tens of millions of displaced refugees. After the end of World War II, a huge wave of refugees returned to Europe in a peaceful Europe, which also led to the formation of international refugee laws and the establishment of refugee organizations. During the Cold War, ideological thinking shrouded the continent, and political refugees poured into Western Europe and other economically stable countries. With the end of the cold war, regional conflicts and wars brought about by ethnic and racial problems occurred frequently, which resulted in a large number of refugees flocking to Europe due to geopolitical factors. To some extent, it has contributed to the continuous evolution of EU refugee policy. The influx of refugees into Europe in 2015 has shown a blowout growth, which has brought heavy pressure to Europe, not only has it caused European countries to tighten their refugee policies one after another, It also exposed the EU's shortcomings in its common refugee policy. From the perspective of non-traditional security, this paper makes a detailed analysis and analysis of the historical track of refugee problems in Europe and the new development of refugee problems in Europe since 2015. This paper analyzes the causes and effects of the sudden explosion of refugee problems in Europe since 2015, and tries to put forward a new way to solve the refugee problems in Europe. The first part mainly expounds the concept and theoretical connotation of non-traditional security and its influence on international politics. The second part, taking the end of World War II as the node, combs the four stages of the development of European refugee problem in detail. The third part focuses on the causes of the sudden explosion of the European refugee problem, namely, the game between the European and American powers, the defects of the European Union's own refugee system and policy, and the origin of the refugees themselves. The fourth part reveals the impact of the European refugee problem at the national, EU and global levels. Finally, the paper tries to point out the ways to solve the refugee problem, that is, the European countries should strengthen their collective consciousness, share the responsibility, realize the new integration of the European Union's common refugee policy, strengthen the global consciousness, and strengthen the international cooperation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D815.6

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本文編號(hào)：2039827