本文選題：世界體系 + 馬克思主義理論　； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：1974年沃勒斯坦出版了他的巨著《現(xiàn)代世界體系》,他將世界劃分成中心國(guó)家、半邊緣國(guó)家和邊緣國(guó)家,在當(dāng)今全球化迅速發(fā)展的背景下,資本主義全球化擴(kuò)張迅速,以美國(guó)為核心的中心國(guó)家,憑借其在資本與政治上的優(yōu)勢(shì)通過(guò)國(guó)際分工與不平等交換對(duì)半邊緣與邊緣國(guó)家的剝削,維護(hù)現(xiàn)有的世界體系秩序,保持他們“食利者”的地位。正如馬克思在《資本論》中所預(yù)測(cè)的,資本主義危機(jī)不可避免地呈周期性爆發(fā)。20世紀(jì)70年代經(jīng)歷了十年“滯漲”危機(jī)的資本主義各國(guó)在新自由主義的“拯救”下繼續(xù)保持活力。然而2007年爆發(fā)于美國(guó)的次貸危機(jī)席卷全球,資本主義再一次跌入了低谷。美國(guó)作為資本主義世界體系的核心,世界第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體,世界最大的消費(fèi)市場(chǎng),資本主義危機(jī)與美國(guó)霸權(quán)的危機(jī)有著密切的關(guān)系。雖然二戰(zhàn)之后各主要資本主義國(guó)家經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間重建國(guó)力得到了恢復(fù),并且一度在經(jīng)濟(jì)上追趕美國(guó),例如日本的人均GDP曾在80年代一度超越美國(guó),成為經(jīng)濟(jì)最發(fā)達(dá)的資本主義國(guó)家。但是對(duì)以經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化等多方面因素組成的世界體系來(lái)說(shuō),單純的經(jīng)濟(jì)提升不足以產(chǎn)生對(duì)霸權(quán)的挑戰(zhàn)。本文認(rèn)為能夠?qū)?dòng)搖美國(guó)霸權(quán)的因素有兩個(gè),第一是資本主義本身固有的危機(jī),第二是資本主義制度之外的新生力量的挑戰(zhàn)例如中國(guó)。改革開(kāi)放后的中國(guó)不斷崛起,也使得美國(guó)在資本主義世界體系內(nèi)的中心霸權(quán)地位不斷受到挑戰(zhàn)。但是作為“一超多強(qiáng)”格局中唯一的超級(jí)大國(guó),雖然美國(guó)的實(shí)力有所衰落,但是,作為世界體系中心,美國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化等多方面的地位仍然無(wú)法撼動(dòng),美國(guó)也將繼續(xù)通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)、能源、軍事等各種手段遏制中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家對(duì)其的威脅,繼續(xù)保持其霸主地位。但是不得不承認(rèn)的是,資本主義的衰落是必然的,但是中國(guó)的崛起將何去何從也是一個(gè)未知數(shù)。本文第一章對(duì)沃勒斯坦世界體系進(jìn)行探討,探討內(nèi)容主要分成兩個(gè)部分,第一部分主要對(duì)世界體系理論的理論來(lái)源和世界體系產(chǎn)生的背景和基本特征,包括馬克主義的唯物史觀、馬克思資本積累理論、列寧帝國(guó)主義論以及年鑒學(xué)派和依附論,明確世界體系理論的與馬克思主義理論的理論之間的必然聯(lián)系與繼承關(guān)系。第二部分對(duì)世界體系產(chǎn)生背景及其理論特征進(jìn)行梳理,通過(guò)對(duì)世界體系時(shí)間和空間兩大坐標(biāo)的分析把握世界體系理論的非結(jié)構(gòu)框架與分析方法;第二章著重分析了美國(guó)如何建立與維持其在世界體系中的霸權(quán)地位。這部分主要包括了三個(gè)方面,即美國(guó)霸權(quán)如何崛起和遭遇的資本主義危機(jī)后掀起的新自由主義浪潮、美國(guó)通過(guò)強(qiáng)勢(shì)的金融地位,采用靈活的金融手段(量化寬松)穩(wěn)固其在世界體系中的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,依靠其強(qiáng)大的國(guó)際工業(yè)資本與國(guó)際貿(mào)易地位采取工業(yè)回流和制定新的國(guó)際貿(mào)易協(xié)定,美國(guó)對(duì)世界能源的掌控以及無(wú)與倫比的軍事地位繼續(xù)保持美國(guó)世界體系中的霸權(quán)地位;第三章對(duì)中國(guó)在世界體系的位置及中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義與新自由主義之間的關(guān)系、中國(guó)在體系中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:In 1974, he published his great book modern world system. He divided the world into a central country, a semi marginal country and a marginal country. Under the background of the rapid development of globalization, the globalization of capitalism has expanded rapidly, and the central state of the United States is the core of the United States, by virtue of its capital and political advantages through the international division of labor and the international division of labor. Unequal exchange of exploitation of semi marginal and marginal countries, maintaining the existing world system order and maintaining their position of "eating profits". As Marx predicted in "capital", the capitalist crisis inevitably showed a periodic outbreak of the ten years of "stagflation" crisis in the ten years of the 70s century. In 2007, the subprime crisis broke out in the United States, but capitalism once again fell into the valley. As the core of the capitalist world system, the United States was the world's largest economy, the world's largest consumer market, the crisis of capital meaning and the crisis of American hegemony. Although the major capitalist countries recovered after a long period of time after World War II, and once pursued the United States economically, for example, Japan's per capita GDP once surpassed the United States in 80s and became the most economically developed capitalist country. But it was a world body composed of many factors, such as economy, politics, culture and so on. There are two factors that can shake the hegemony of the United States, first, the inherent crisis of capitalism itself, the second is the challenge of the new forces outside the capitalist system, such as China. The rising of China after the reform and opening up also makes the US in capital. However, as the world system center, the United States is still unshakeable in economic, political and cultural status as the center of the world system, and the United States will continue to pass economic, energy and military forces. We have to admit that the decline of capitalism is inevitable, but what is the rise of China's rise is also an unknown number. The first chapter of this article is to discuss the world body of the world, and the main content is divided into two parts. The first part mainly produces the background and basic characteristics of the theoretical source and world system of the world system theory, including the materialist historical view of Mark, the theory of Marx's capital accumulation, the theory of Lenin imperialism, the school of Yearbook and the theory of attachment, and the inevitable connection between the theory of the world system and the theory of Marx theory. The second part deals with the background of the world system and its theoretical characteristics. Through the analysis of the two coordinates of the world system time and space, the unstructured framework and analysis methods of the world system theory are grasped, and the second chapter focuses on the analysis of how the United States establishes its hegemony status in the world system. It mainly includes three aspects: the rise of American hegemony and the new liberalism after the crisis of capitalism. The United States, through a strong financial position, adopts a flexible financial means (quantitative easing) to stabilize its economic status in the world system, and relies on its strong international industrial capital and international trade status. In the third chapter, China's position in the world system and the relationship between socialism with Chinese characteristics and Neo liberalism, and the challenges facing China in the system are the third chapter of China's position in the world system and the relationship between socialism with Chinese characteristics and the new liberalism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D815

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