本文選題：黨的十六大 + 協(xié)商民主�。� 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)后期,由于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和利益的多元化,世界大多數(shù)國(guó)家所奉行的代議制民主已經(jīng)無(wú)法完全實(shí)現(xiàn)人類(lèi)所追求的自由和民主,所以,協(xié)商民主應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。協(xié)商民主強(qiáng)調(diào)的是所有受公共政策影響的公民或組織都是民主政治的主體,每個(gè)協(xié)商主體都有權(quán)參與到國(guó)家和社會(huì)的管理中來(lái),這種民主意圖實(shí)現(xiàn)更加廣泛和真實(shí)的民主。協(xié)商民主是對(duì)代議制民主的一種補(bǔ)充,它的存在就是想促使公民直接參與公共生活。協(xié)商民主理論于20世紀(jì)80年代傳入中國(guó),為學(xué)術(shù)界所重視。由于我國(guó)目前處在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,多元的文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致了利益多元化、社會(huì)矛盾叢生,而協(xié)商民主的存在提供了一種解決問(wèn)題的方法。目前,協(xié)商民主在我國(guó)已得到了初步的發(fā)展,但是,由于缺乏完善的制度規(guī)范,它的發(fā)展步履維艱。而且黨的十六大以來(lái),黨中央愈加重視協(xié)商民主的制度化發(fā)展,所以,我們要對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做出研究。制度化意味著一系列的政治價(jià)值在多大程度上為社會(huì)所接受和認(rèn)可,從而內(nèi)化為日常的行為規(guī)范。協(xié)商民主制度化就意味著把協(xié)商民主的一些實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和價(jià)值理念使之制度化,使得公民或利益團(tuán)體參與公共事務(wù)管理有序化。所以,協(xié)商民主走上了制度化、程序化、規(guī)范化的渠道,從而為公民實(shí)現(xiàn)民主和國(guó)家治理完善作出貢獻(xiàn)。本文的寫(xiě)作主要分為四個(gè)部分,第一部分是關(guān)于協(xié)商民主的理論基礎(chǔ)。在這一章中主要了解協(xié)商民主的概念、內(nèi)涵、特征。因?yàn)閰f(xié)商民主最早起于西方,所以,在了解概念時(shí)需要借鑒西方學(xué)者對(duì)此的看法。關(guān)于協(xié)商民主內(nèi)涵特征的了解有助于把握協(xié)商民主的構(gòu)成要素:協(xié)商、共識(shí)、合法性。文章第二部分是我國(guó)協(xié)商民主制度化的發(fā)展歷程,包括對(duì)人民政協(xié)的政治協(xié)商、人大的立法協(xié)商、政府與社會(huì)的對(duì)話(huà)協(xié)商、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)民主協(xié)商的制度化發(fā)展過(guò)程作出初步了解。第三部分是我國(guó)協(xié)商民主制度化發(fā)展的取得成就和存在問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)上一章內(nèi)容的論述,總結(jié)出已取得的成就和存在問(wèn)題。第四部分是我國(guó)協(xié)商民主制度化發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。在這一章,我們可以明確我國(guó)協(xié)商民主制度化發(fā)展所要堅(jiān)持的基本制度,國(guó)家各部門(mén)的協(xié)商民主制度化發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),最后寄希望于公民社會(huì)的成長(zhǎng),理性合格的現(xiàn)代國(guó)家公民和制度完善的社會(huì)組織必然能推動(dòng)協(xié)商民主制度的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the late 20th century, due to the development of social economy and the diversification of interests, the representative democracy pursued by most countries in the world has been unable to fully realize the freedom and democracy sought by mankind, so the consultative democracy came into being. Deliberative democracy emphasizes that all citizens or organizations affected by public policies are the subjects of democratic politics, and each negotiator has the right to participate in the management of the country and society. Deliberative democracy is a supplement to representative democracy, and its existence is to urge citizens to participate directly in public life. The theory of deliberative democracy was introduced into China in the 1980 s and attached great importance to by the academic circles. As our country is in the period of social transformation, the pluralistic cultural and economic structure leads to the diversity of interests and social contradictions, and the existence of deliberative democracy provides a way to solve the problem. At present, deliberative democracy has been developing preliminarily in our country, but it is difficult to develop because of the lack of perfect system and norm. Since the 16th Party Congress, the CPC Central Committee has paid more and more attention to the institutionalization of consultative democracy, so we should study this issue. Institutionalization means the extent to which a series of political values are accepted and recognized by society, thus internalizing them into daily norms of conduct. The institutionalization of deliberative democracy means to institutionalize some practical experiences and values of consultative democracy and to make citizens or interest groups participate in the management of public affairs in an orderly manner. Therefore, deliberative democracy has been institutionalized, programmed and standardized, thus contributing to the realization of democracy and the improvement of national governance. The first part is about the theoretical basis of deliberative democracy. In this chapter, we mainly understand the concept, connotation and characteristics of deliberative democracy. Since deliberative democracy originated in the West, it is necessary to learn from the views of western scholars in understanding the concept. Understanding the connotative characteristics of deliberative democracy is helpful to grasp the elements of deliberative democracy: negotiation, consensus, legitimacy. The second part of the article is about the development of consultative democracy in China, including the political consultation of the CPPCC, the legislative consultation of the NPC, the dialogue and consultation between the government and the society. The systematization development process of the democratic consultation within the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been preliminarily understood. The third part is the achievements and existing problems of the development of the system of consultation democracy in China. Through the discussion of the content of the previous chapter, the author summarizes the achievements and existing problems. The fourth part is the trend of the institutionalization of consultative democracy in China. In this chapter, we can make clear the basic system that our country should adhere to in the development of consultative democracy institutionalization, and the trend of the development of consultative democracy in various sectors of the country. Finally, we hope to see the growth of civil society. Rational and qualified citizens of modern countries and perfect social organizations can certainly promote the development of consultative democracy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D621

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