本文選題：原在國轉(zhuǎn)移保護(hù) + 難民地位�。� 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年02期

【摘要】：原在國轉(zhuǎn)移保護(hù)是國際難民法晚近發(fā)展出的概念,即通過認(rèn)定尋求庇護(hù)者可以在原在國境內(nèi)某一區(qū)域獲得有效保護(hù),從而合法地將他排除在難民地位之外。盡管《難民公約》和《難民議定書》對(duì)此并無明文規(guī)定,原在國轉(zhuǎn)移保護(hù)已經(jīng)通過國際實(shí)踐牢固確立,被絕大多數(shù)《難民公約》與《難民議定書》的締約國視為難民甄別的必要組成部分。由于缺少《難民公約》和《難民議定書》的明確規(guī)定,圍繞原在國轉(zhuǎn)移保護(hù)的解釋和適用仍然存在許多分歧和不確定性。本文從原在國轉(zhuǎn)移保護(hù)概念的公約基礎(chǔ)入手,指出其概念基礎(chǔ)和正當(dāng)性來源并非難民地位取得條款或喪失條款中的某一具體要件,而是國際難民保護(hù)之于原在國保護(hù)的后備性質(zhì)這一統(tǒng)攝性的根本原則。在原在國轉(zhuǎn)移保護(hù)的解釋和適用上,關(guān)鍵問題是建構(gòu)"原在國有效保護(hù)"的法律標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這要求尋求庇護(hù)者在原在國轉(zhuǎn)移區(qū)域不面臨迫害、嚴(yán)重傷害以及過分嚴(yán)苛的困難。筆者認(rèn)為,原在國轉(zhuǎn)移保護(hù)在今天已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的原則,構(gòu)成對(duì)《難民公約》和《難民議定書》允許性的解釋。
[Abstract]:Transfer of protection in the country of origin is a concept developed recently in international refugee law, that is, the asylum seeker is legally excluded from refugee status by determining that he or she can obtain effective protection in an area within the territory of the country in which he was originally present. Although the Convention on Refugees and the Refugee Protocol do not expressly provide for this, transfer protection in the country of origin is firmly established through international practice, The vast majority of States parties to the Refugee Convention and the Refugee Protocol regard refugee screening as an essential component. Due to the lack of explicit provisions of the Refugee Convention and the Refugee Protocol, there are still many differences and uncertainties concerning the interpretation and application of the protection transferred in the original country. Starting from the convention foundation of the concept of transfer of protection in the original country, this paper points out that the conceptual basis and the source of legitimacy are not a specific element in the acquisition or loss of refugee status clause. It is the fundamental principle that international refugee protection is the reserve nature of the protection in the original country. In the interpretation and application of the protection transferred in the original country, the key problem is to construct the legal standard of "effective protection in the original country", which requires that the asylum seekers do not face persecution, serious injury and excessively severe difficulties in the region transferred in the original country. The author believes that the transfer of protection in the country has become an independent principle today and constitutes an interpretation of the permissibility of the Refugee Convention and the Refugee Protocol.
【作者單位】： 加拿大麥吉爾大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：D815.6

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