本文選題：英裔加拿大人 + 法裔加拿大人　； 參考：《西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：加拿大是一個(gè)多民族和多文化的國(guó)家,沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的民族,曾經(jīng)是世界上民族認(rèn)同危機(jī)最大的國(guó)家。如果我們追根溯源,不難找出他的緣由所在:加拿大的種族構(gòu)成從來(lái)就不是一兩個(gè)民族形成的,自然就沒(méi)有從一個(gè)老牌民族國(guó)家過(guò)渡到現(xiàn)代民族國(guó)家的過(guò)程。在加拿大的歷史不同時(shí)期,除對(duì)法蘭西和大英帝國(guó)的王室有過(guò)忠誠(chéng)和服從,就直接進(jìn)入到了獨(dú)立的國(guó)家。自從大英帝國(guó)后裔入住加拿大的土地之后,英、法兩個(gè)族裔的矛盾沖突就源源不斷,當(dāng)英裔統(tǒng)治加拿大以后,居住在魁北克的法蘭西后裔曾經(jīng)多次試圖從加拿大獨(dú)立出去;再加上鄰國(guó)美國(guó)的巨大影響更是加深了這種危機(jī)。加拿大獨(dú)立以來(lái),一直在尋找自己的民族特性,塑造統(tǒng)一的民族認(rèn)同,解決裔族矛盾。美國(guó)不斷對(duì)加拿大進(jìn)行領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張,文化侵蝕。加拿大一邊進(jìn)行對(duì)美國(guó)的侵略進(jìn)行回?fù)?一邊試圖找到解決內(nèi)部民族的矛盾,找到自己民族整合的辦法,最終形成了多元文化主義政策,從而解決了多年來(lái)存在的民族認(rèn)同危機(jī)。本文從影響加拿大民族認(rèn)同的幾個(gè)主要方面,從魁北克獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)著手,分析美國(guó)的影響和英法裔的矛盾沖突,著重研究加拿大多元文化主義的政策產(chǎn)生的客觀條件,動(dòng)因及貫徹實(shí)施。本文共有三個(gè)部分:第一部分:大英帝國(guó)后裔和法蘭西后裔魁北克的基本概況及其獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng):著重介紹加拿大兩個(gè)立國(guó)民族英裔和法裔早期的發(fā)展概括。通過(guò)研究英,法裔在發(fā)展過(guò)程中所形成的不同的民族特性來(lái)揭示英,法裔的矛盾和沖突的深刻根源。其次,介紹魁北克作為法蘭西后裔的歷史及發(fā)動(dòng)的幾次獨(dú)立事件。第二部分:民族主義的誕生:美國(guó)的武力侵略,文化侵蝕,民族主義的萌芽,美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和1812年英美戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是影響加拿大歷史發(fā)展的兩次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。在這兩次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,美國(guó)都曾武力入侵加拿大,激起了加拿大愾的民族情緒。加拿大在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中所形成的民族主義情緒使它進(jìn)一步遠(yuǎn)離美國(guó),走上一條獨(dú)特的發(fā)展道路。美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與加拿大,1812年英美戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與加拿大.再者美國(guó)的媒體輿論對(duì)加拿大進(jìn)行強(qiáng)有力的文化侵蝕和加拿大的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。加拿大聯(lián)邦的形成及地位作用:在這種情況下聯(lián)邦的形成即是殖民地發(fā)展的結(jié)果,更是抵御美國(guó)擴(kuò)張的需要。統(tǒng)一的民族國(guó)家的建立無(wú)疑有助于民族意識(shí)的發(fā)展,增強(qiáng)加拿大人對(duì)互相認(rèn)同的需求,“加拿大第一”運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起就是一個(gè)重要表現(xiàn)。第三部分:加拿大多元文化主義的形成:統(tǒng)一的民族認(rèn)同,加拿大的民族政策經(jīng)歷了從民族同化到二元文化再到多元文化政策的演變,多元文化政策不僅緩和了國(guó)內(nèi)的民族矛盾,更有利于抵御美國(guó)文化的滲透,它所體現(xiàn)的包容性成為加拿大民族認(rèn)同的實(shí)質(zhì)。多元文化政策實(shí)施過(guò)程遇到了一些阻力和矛盾,兩大裔族英裔和法裔及少數(shù)民族對(duì)其有不同的態(tài)度。分析這些矛盾存在的原因以及如何才能保障多元文化政策的實(shí)施�？偨Y(jié):加拿大多元文化主義的形成,有力地緩解了長(zhǎng)期困擾加拿大民族矛盾的問(wèn)題,希望通過(guò)對(duì)加拿大民族認(rèn)同的整合給予有相似經(jīng)歷的民族國(guó)家以啟示。
[Abstract]:Canada is a multi-ethnic and multicultural country. Without a unified nation, it was once the largest national identity crisis in the world. If we traced it to the source, it was not difficult to find the reason why the racial composition of Canada was never formed by one or two ethnic groups, and naturally it was not a transition from an old nation to the present. The process of generation of nations. In different periods of history in Canada, in addition to the loyalty and obedience of the royal families of France and the British Empire, they went directly into the independent state. Since the British Empire's descendants stayed in Canada, the conflicts between the two ethnic groups of Britain and France came to a steady stream, and lived after the British rule of Canada. The French descendants in Quebec have repeatedly tried to separate from Canada; and the great influence of the United States of neighbouring countries has deepened this crisis. Since independence, Canada has been looking for its own national characteristics, shaping a unified national identity, and solving ethnic contradictions. On the other hand, Canada has fought back to the invasion of the United States, trying to find a solution to the internal nation, finding a way to integrate its own nation, and finally forming a multiculturalism policy, thus solving the national identity crisis that has existed for many years. There are three parts in this article: the first part: the basic situation of the descendants of the British Empire and the French descendants of Quebec and their independent movement: the introduction of Canada two. A summary of the early development of the ethnic British and French descendants in a country. Through the study of the different ethnic characteristics of the French and French descendants in the process of development, the deep roots of the contradiction and conflict between Britain and France were revealed. Secondly, the history of Quebec as a descendant of France and several independent events were introduced. The second part: the birth of Nationalism: Beauty The armed aggression, cultural erosion, the germination of nationalism, the American War of independence and the 1812 Anglo American war were the two wars that affected the development of Canada's history. In these two wars, the United States had invaded Canada by force and aroused the national sentiment of Canada. Away from the United States, a unique path of development. The American War of independence and Canada, the Anglo American War and Canada in 1812. Again, the media of the United States made strong cultural erosion and Canada's response to Canada. The formation and status of the Canadian Federation: in this case the formation of the Federation is colonial. The result of the exhibition is the need to resist American expansion. The establishment of a unified national state undoubtedly contributes to the development of national consciousness, strengthens the demand for mutual recognition of Canadians, and the rise of "Canada first" movement is an important manifestation. The third part: the formation of Canadian Multiculturalism: a unified national identity, Canada The national policy has gone through the evolution from national assimilation to two yuan culture to multicultural policy. The multicultural policy not only alleviates the national ethnic contradiction, but also helps to resist the infiltration of American culture. Its inclusiveness becomes the essence of the national identity of Canada. The implementation of multi yuan cultural policy has encountered some resistance and some resistance. Contradictions, the two ethnic English and the French and the minority nationalities have different attitudes to them. Analyze the reasons for the existence of these contradictions and how to guarantee the implementation of the multicultural policy. The same integration gives inspiration to nation-state with similar experiences.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D771.1

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