本文選題：養(yǎng)老 + 制度��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：老吾老以及人之老,養(yǎng)老始終貫穿于人類社會的始終。新中國成立以前,養(yǎng)老主要以家庭養(yǎng)老、土地養(yǎng)老等家庭內(nèi)部成員代際間交換的形式呈現(xiàn),并受到傳統(tǒng)倫理道德規(guī)范的制約。新中國成立后,尤其在1978年實行改革開放以后,社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)逐步建立、發(fā)展,我國的人口問題受到前所未有的挑戰(zhàn),尤其在人口結(jié)構(gòu)上,“老齡化”成為焦點。與此同時,社會轉(zhuǎn)型也帶來諸多變化:計劃生育帶來了家庭結(jié)構(gòu)小型化,城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展造成的城鄉(xiāng)之間、區(qū)域之間勞動力的流動,人們思想觀念的變化等,種種因素使傳統(tǒng)的家庭養(yǎng)老功能正逐步走向衰退,使其無法應(yīng)對正在加劇的老齡化趨勢。隨著社會的轉(zhuǎn)型而帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化的變化使得本屬于個人或家庭層面的養(yǎng)老成為全社會必須面對的問題。因此,必須將養(yǎng)老問題的解決從自然習(xí)俗上升到制度層面。建立符合中國國情并適應(yīng)社會發(fā)展的養(yǎng)老制度,有利于促進(jìn)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以及維護(hù)社會和諧穩(wěn)定。反之,則會阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,影響社會主義社會穩(wěn)定與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在我國目前的養(yǎng)老制度中,存在諸多問題:社會養(yǎng)老保險制度發(fā)展平衡,家庭養(yǎng)老功能弱化,社會化養(yǎng)老機制尚待完善,國家關(guān)于社會養(yǎng)老政策與社會養(yǎng)老法律制度的建設(shè)總體發(fā)展水平仍然比較緩慢等。在以人為本、構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會、促進(jìn)社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的大背景下,準(zhǔn)確定位養(yǎng)老制度的內(nèi)涵,梳理養(yǎng)老制度的發(fā)展歷程,分析我國養(yǎng)老制度的現(xiàn)狀,在借鑒國外養(yǎng)老制度的基礎(chǔ)上,立足我國現(xiàn)實國情有針對性提出構(gòu)建中國特色養(yǎng)老制度,無疑將對解決我國養(yǎng)老問題有所幫助,大有裨益。為此,本文的全部內(nèi)容大體分為五個部分:第一部分主要闡述了養(yǎng)老制度、中國特色養(yǎng)老制度的概念與內(nèi)容及相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)。對馬克思主義社會養(yǎng)老保障理論、西方社會養(yǎng)老保障理論進(jìn)行闡述、梳理與歸納總結(jié)。并指出建立健全中國特色養(yǎng)老制度具有重要意義。第二部分主要回顧了我國養(yǎng)老制度的發(fā)展歷程。分別從養(yǎng)老保險制度、養(yǎng)老法制化、養(yǎng)老政策等正式制度層面以及家庭養(yǎng)老等非正式制度層面對養(yǎng)老制度的變遷過程進(jìn)行深入分析,以了解養(yǎng)老制度的縱向發(fā)展。第三部分主要針對我國目前養(yǎng)老制度的現(xiàn)狀、存在的問題及問題產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行分析,從經(jīng)濟(jì)、法制、文化等方面深入分析養(yǎng)老保險制度不健全、養(yǎng)老政策不完善、老年人權(quán)益得不到保障等現(xiàn)存問題產(chǎn)生的原因。第四部分分析了發(fā)達(dá)國家中具有代表性的養(yǎng)老制度模式,以期在分析中找到推進(jìn)我國養(yǎng)老制度走向完善的啟示。第五部分針對建立中國特色養(yǎng)老制度提出了若干建議。從改革養(yǎng)老保險制度、提高養(yǎng)老法制化水平、完善社會養(yǎng)老政策、樹立正確養(yǎng)老價值觀念四個方面分別提出對策,從而對更好的解決養(yǎng)老問題有所幫助。
[Abstract]:Old age and old people, pension has always run through the human society from beginning to end.Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, the old-age support was mainly in the form of intergenerational exchange of family members, such as family pension, land pension and so on, and was restricted by the traditional ethical norms.After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up in 1978, the socialist market economy was gradually established and developed. The population problem of our country was confronted with unprecedented challenges, especially in the population structure, "aging" became the focus.At the same time, social transformation has brought many changes: family planning has brought about the miniaturization of the family structure, the development of urbanization between urban and rural areas, the movement of labor between regions, the change of people's ideas, etc.Various factors make the traditional family pension function gradually decline, making it unable to cope with the increasing trend of aging.With the change of economy, politics and culture brought about by the transformation of society, it is necessary for the whole society to face the problem of providing for the aged at the level of individual or family.Therefore, it is necessary to solve the pension problem from natural customs to institutional level.The establishment of a pension system suitable for China's national conditions and social development is conducive to the promotion of social and economic development and the maintenance of social harmony and stability.Conversely, will hinder the economic development, affects the socialist society stability and the sustainable development.There are many problems in the current pension system of our country: the development of the social endowment insurance system is balanced, the function of the family endowment is weakened, and the socialized pension mechanism remains to be improved.The overall level of development of the social pension policy and the legal system for the aged is still relatively slow.Under the background of people-oriented, building socialist harmonious society and promoting the sustainable development of the society, the connotation of the old-age system is accurately positioned, the development course of the old-age system is combed, and the present situation of the old-age system in China is analyzed.On the basis of drawing lessons from the foreign pension system and based on the actual situation of our country, it will undoubtedly be of great help to solve the problem of the old-age support in China to construct the pension system with Chinese characteristics.Therefore, the whole content of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part mainly expounds the pension system, the concept and content of the pension system with Chinese characteristics and the relevant theoretical basis.The theory of Marxist social security for the aged and the western theory of social security for the aged are expounded, combed and summarized.It also points out that it is of great significance to establish and perfect the pension system with Chinese characteristics.The second part reviews the development of the pension system in China.In order to understand the vertical development of the pension system, this paper analyzes the process of the change of the pension system from the formal system level, pension system level, pension policy level and the family pension system level respectively, in order to understand the vertical development of the pension system.The third part mainly analyzes the current situation, existing problems and causes of the problems in China's current old-age system, and deeply analyzes the imperfect old-age insurance system and pension policy from the aspects of economy, legal system, culture and so on.The reasons for the existing problems such as the old people's rights and interests are not guaranteed.The fourth part analyzes the representative pension system model in developed countries, in order to find the inspiration to promote the improvement of China's pension system.The fifth part puts forward some suggestions for the establishment of pension system with Chinese characteristics.This paper puts forward countermeasures from four aspects: reforming the pension insurance system, improving the level of legalization, perfecting the social old-age policy, and setting up the correct concept of old-age value, so as to better solve the problem of old-age support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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