本文選題：失獨(dú)家庭　切入點(diǎn)：養(yǎng)老需求　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：八十年代初中共中央就開始提倡“一對夫婦只生育一個孩子”的計(jì)劃生育政策。多年以來,計(jì)劃生育政策成功地發(fā)揮了限制人口數(shù)量、緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)社會壓力的作用,但與此同時(shí),也產(chǎn)生了數(shù)量龐大的獨(dú)生子女家庭。獨(dú)生子女往往在家庭中處于獨(dú)一無二的地位,扮演著重要角色,同時(shí),他們還需要承擔(dān)巨大的養(yǎng)老責(zé)任。然而,當(dāng)獨(dú)生子女失去寶貴的生命時(shí),他們的父母就將承受巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力和嚴(yán)重的心理創(chuàng)傷。2015年十八屆五中全會上提出了“全面二孩”政策,這意味著在我國執(zhí)行了三十多年的“一孩化”生育政策退出了歷史舞臺�！叭娑ⅰ闭叩耐菩袩o疑對我國的人口老齡化起到緩解作用,并對提高家庭的抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力以及應(yīng)對獨(dú)生子女問題起到積極作用,但我們并不能忽視現(xiàn)有的上百萬的失獨(dú)家庭以及由之前的生育政策所導(dǎo)致的未來可能性失獨(dú)問題。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國目前的失獨(dú)家庭規(guī)模已超過一百萬,針對如此龐大的失獨(dú)群體,我們不禁要為他們未來的生活、心理和養(yǎng)老問題而擔(dān)憂,為國家如何來解決這一社會問題而充滿疑慮。本文主要通過對我國失獨(dú)家庭養(yǎng)老的現(xiàn)狀及問題進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,分析了我國失獨(dú)家庭在現(xiàn)階段面臨的養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)失獨(dú)家庭養(yǎng)老所存在的主要問題,并對產(chǎn)生問題的成因進(jìn)行分析,最終提出解決失獨(dú)家庭養(yǎng)老問題的對策與建議。文章共分為五個部分,第一部分介紹失獨(dú)家庭養(yǎng)老問題的相關(guān)概念及基本理論。本部分失獨(dú)家庭、養(yǎng)老保障等主要概念進(jìn)行了界定,并對基本人權(quán)理論、馬斯洛需求層次理論及福利多元主義相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行闡述;第二部分主要通過問卷調(diào)查的方法介紹了我國失獨(dú)家庭在養(yǎng)老方面的現(xiàn)狀,同時(shí)找出了我國失獨(dú)家庭在養(yǎng)老方面存在的主要問題;第三部分主要是針對我國失獨(dú)家庭的養(yǎng)老問題進(jìn)行了具體的原因分析,包括缺乏對失獨(dú)家庭的政策傾斜、社會養(yǎng)老的參與度不夠、失獨(dú)家庭自身養(yǎng)老功能的弱化;第四部分對我國部分城市解決失獨(dú)家庭養(yǎng)老問題的做法進(jìn)行了簡單介紹,并從中提出寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn);第五部分主要依據(jù)對上述內(nèi)容的分析總結(jié),從國家、社會、社區(qū)以及家庭四個層次、主體入手,提出應(yīng)對我國失獨(dú)家庭養(yǎng)老困境的具體建議與策略,包括政府的政策支持、社會的關(guān)愛、社區(qū)體系的建設(shè)及失獨(dú)者自身提高自救互助的能力。隨著我國老齡化程度的深入,失獨(dú)家庭的問題也變的更加嚴(yán)峻,如何找到行之有效的方法幫助失獨(dú)家庭走出養(yǎng)老困境,對于改善人民生活、穩(wěn)定社會以及和諧社會的構(gòu)建都具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:In the early 1980 s, the CPC Central Committee began to promote the one-child-only-one-child policy for a couple.Over the years, the family planning policy has succeeded in limiting the population and relieving economic and social pressure, but at the same time, it has also produced a large number of one-child families.Only children often play a unique role in the family, and they also need to shoulder enormous responsibilities for the aged.However, when only children lose their precious lives, their parents will suffer tremendous economic pressure and severe psychological trauma. The "comprehensive two-child" policy was proposed at the Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2015.This means that the "one-child" fertility policy, which has been implemented in our country for more than 30 years, has withdrawn from the stage of history.The implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy has undoubtedly played a role in alleviating the aging of the population in China, and has played a positive role in improving the family's ability to resist risks and in dealing with the problem of the only child.But we can't lose sight of the millions of families that have lost their independence and the possibility of losing their independence in the future as a result of previous fertility policies.According to statistics, at present, the scale of families without independence in China has exceeded 1 million. In view of such a large group of unemployed people, we cannot help worrying about their future life, psychology and old-age problems.There are doubts about how the country will solve this social problem.This article mainly through the present situation and the question carries on the questionnaire investigation to our country lost the independence family to support the old, analyzed our country lost the independence family to face in the present stage pension present situation, discovered the family without the independence the pension existence the main question.The causes of the problem are analyzed, and the countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem are put forward.This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the concept and basic theory of the problem of the elderly.This part defines the main concepts, such as the family without independence, the old-age security and so on, and expounds the basic human rights theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and the related theories of welfare pluralism.The second part mainly introduces the present situation of the unemployed families in the old-age care through the method of questionnaire, and finds out the main problems existing in the old-age care of the families without independence in our country at the same time.The third part mainly analyzes the causes of the pension problems of the families without independence in our country, including the lack of the policy tilt to the families without independence, the insufficient participation of the social old-age, the weakening of the function of the families without independence.The fourth part gives a brief introduction to some cities of our country, and puts forward valuable experience. The fifth part is mainly based on the analysis of the above content, from the country, society,Starting with four levels of community and family, the author puts forward some specific suggestions and strategies to deal with the plight of the unemployed family, including government policy support, social care and care.The construction of community system and the self-improvement of self-help and mutual aid.With the deepening of aging in our country, the problem of families without independence has become more serious. How to find effective ways to help families who have lost their independence out of the plight of the aged, to improve people's lives,The construction of stable society and harmonious society has very important practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D669.6

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