本文關(guān)鍵詞： 俄國(guó)農(nóng)民 農(nóng)奴制經(jīng)濟(jì) 代役制 勞役制 剝削　出處：《俄羅斯東歐中亞研究》2017年02期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：俄國(guó)農(nóng)奴制的主要?jiǎng)兿餍问綖榇壑坪蛣谝壑?它們的分布與土壤、氣候、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口等因素相關(guān)。18世紀(jì)末至19世紀(jì)中期,出現(xiàn)了代役制萎縮和勞役制擴(kuò)張的趨勢(shì),表明了農(nóng)奴制的強(qiáng)化。代役制和勞役制在本質(zhì)上都是地主憑借其強(qiáng)制權(quán)力向農(nóng)民征收剩余產(chǎn)品和剩余勞動(dòng)的方式,但勞役制農(nóng)民的負(fù)擔(dān)更重。在市場(chǎng)關(guān)系的影響下,代役制農(nóng)民積極參與工商業(yè),促進(jìn)了工業(yè)區(qū)的形成。在勞役制地區(qū),農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)商品化和專門化程度提高,市場(chǎng)的擴(kuò)大和糧價(jià)的上漲增加了農(nóng)民的收入。但與此同時(shí),代役制和勞役制農(nóng)民的負(fù)擔(dān)都不斷加重,他們的受剝削程度也大大加深了。
[Abstract]:The main forms of exploitation of serfdom in Russia were subservient system and servitude system. Their distribution was related to soil, climate, economy, population and other factors. From the end of 18th century to the middle of 19th century, there was a tendency of subservient system shrinking and labor system expanding. It shows that the serfdom is strengthened. The substitute service system and the servitude system are essentially the ways of the landlords to collect surplus products and surplus labor from the peasants by virtue of their compulsory power, but the burden of the peasants under the servitude system is heavier. Under the influence of the market relationship, The active participation of wage farmers in industry and commerce has contributed to the formation of industrial zones. In these areas, the commercialization and specialization of agricultural production, the expansion of markets and the rise in food prices have increased the income of farmers, but at the same time, The burden and exploitation of substitute and servitude farmers are increasing.
【作者單位】： 吉林大學(xué)東北亞研究院;
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2
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本文編號(hào)：1545703