發(fā)布時間：2018-02-01 02:56

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 法德合作 舒曼計劃 大國領(lǐng)導(dǎo) 歐洲煤鋼共同體 歐洲一體化　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，法德兩國作為地區(qū)大國實(shí)現(xiàn)了從敵對到合作的轉(zhuǎn)變。通過走歐洲聯(lián)合道路，法德實(shí)現(xiàn)了和解，不僅成功地建立了德法親密的伙伴關(guān)系,而且兩國的深入合作,促使歐洲一體化邁出了實(shí)質(zhì)性的步伐，建立在歐洲一體化基礎(chǔ)上的法德合作已成為大國合作的典范。 實(shí)踐證明,只有合作才能實(shí)現(xiàn)國家和區(qū)域的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。特別是在區(qū)域一體化成為歷史發(fā)展潮流的今天,地區(qū)大國的合作在區(qū)域一體化中發(fā)揮著重要的核心作用，為地區(qū)一體化發(fā)展提供了強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量，這對于促進(jìn)區(qū)域合作深入發(fā)展具有重大的意義。因此我們有必要研究戰(zhàn)后法德合作的歷史,分析德法合作成功的基礎(chǔ)和兩國推動歐洲一體化啟動的過程,從而為中日合作與東亞區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展提供有益的借鑒。 本文以大國合作以及區(qū)域一體化的基礎(chǔ)來建構(gòu)本文的理論框架，介紹了二戰(zhàn)后初期法國、德國歐洲政策的形成以及早期歐洲一體化的嘗試，認(rèn)為法德兩個世仇冤家在特殊的國際背景下產(chǎn)生了共同的利益，走歐洲一體化道路成為兩國實(shí)現(xiàn)各自國家利益的最佳方式。法德合作的思想基礎(chǔ)是歐洲政治精英提出的法德和解思想與歐洲聯(lián)合思想，現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)是兩國有合作的實(shí)力和意愿，，同時戰(zhàn)后初期美國的歐洲政策也是支持法德合作和歐洲一體化的。在內(nèi)外部因素聯(lián)合促成下，法德合作需要解決的最大政治障礙在于魯爾問題，美國重新武裝德國，使法國不得不主動提出方案來徹底解決魯爾問題，舒曼計劃便是為解決魯爾問題而設(shè)計出來的絕佳方案。為了實(shí)施舒曼計劃，以阿登納、舒曼、莫內(nèi)為代表的法德兩國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人與政治精英進(jìn)行了協(xié)調(diào)與談判，在兩國合作的基礎(chǔ)上共同推動了歐洲煤鋼共同體的成立，這是第一個具有超國家性質(zhì)的機(jī)構(gòu)，它既是法德和解的開端，同時標(biāo)志著歐洲一體化的正式啟動。法德合作確立了兩國在歐洲一體化建設(shè)中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位，也為歐洲煤鋼聯(lián)營設(shè)計了可行的制度和目標(biāo)，奠定了歐洲一體化的框架和大體方向，對以后的歐洲一體化的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, France and Germany, as regional powers, realized the transition from hostility to cooperation. By taking the road of European Union, France and Germany achieved reconciliation, and not only successfully established a close partnership between Germany and France. Moreover, the deep cooperation between the two countries has prompted the European integration to take a substantial step, and the Franco-German cooperation based on the European integration has become a model for the cooperation of great powers. Practice has proved that only cooperation can achieve national and regional stability and development, especially at a time when regional integration has become a trend of historical development. The cooperation of regional powers plays an important role in regional integration and provides a strong leadership for the development of regional integration. Therefore, it is necessary to study the history of the post-war Franco-German cooperation, to analyze the basis of the successful cooperation between Germany and France and to analyze the process of the two countries promoting the start of European integration. So as to provide useful reference for Sino-Japanese cooperation and the development of East Asia regional integration. This paper constructs the theoretical framework of this paper based on the cooperation of great powers and regional integration, and introduces the formation of the European policy of France and Germany in the early period of World War II and the attempts of early European integration. It is believed that the two feuding enemies of France and Germany have produced common interests under the special international background. Taking the road of European integration has become the best way for the two countries to realize their respective national interests. The ideological basis of Franco-German cooperation is the Franco-German conciliatory thought and the European Union thought put forward by the European political elite. The reality is based on the strength and willingness of the two countries to cooperate, and at the same time, the European policy of the United States in the early postwar period also supported Franco-German cooperation and European integration, and was facilitated by the combination of internal and external factors. The biggest political obstacle to the Franco-German cooperation is the Ruhr problem. The United States rearmed Germany, making France have to take the initiative to put forward a plan to solve the Ruhr problem once and for all. The Schumann plan was an excellent solution to the Ruhr problem. In order to implement the Schumann plan, the leaders of France and Germany, represented by Adenauer, Schumann and Monet, coordinated and negotiated with the political elite. The establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community, the first supranational institution, was promoted on the basis of cooperation between the two countries. It was the beginning of Franco-German reconciliation. At the same time, it marks the official start of European integration. The Franco-German cooperation has established the leading position of the two countries in the construction of European integration, and has also designed the feasible system and goal for the European coal and steel joint venture. It has established the framework and direction of European integration, and has had a profound impact on the development of European integration in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D856.5;D851.6

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