本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)村老人 機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老 人口老齡化 養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系 養(yǎng)老模式 養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)實困境　出處：《四川理工學院學報(社會科學版)》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：20世紀90年代以來,我國人口老齡化趨勢不斷加劇,人口的急劇變遷導致農(nóng)村老年人口占老年人總?cè)丝诘谋戎刂饾u增大。與此同時,家庭規(guī)模小型化、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)變遷以及城鎮(zhèn)化的不斷推進,造成農(nóng)村家庭養(yǎng)老功能逐漸削弱,這預示農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老需求不斷擴大。機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老是社會養(yǎng)老的重要內(nèi)容之一,應(yīng)在農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系中具有"支撐"地位,但目前農(nóng)村機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老存在諸多問題,主要表現(xiàn)為機構(gòu)數(shù)量匱乏、服務(wù)內(nèi)容單一、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善、運營狀況不佳而難以滿足老年人多樣化、多層次的養(yǎng)老需求。其主要原因在于機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老供給主體單一,社會資本難以融入,使得機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老模式僵化,行政性質(zhì)過于顯著;機構(gòu)內(nèi)部發(fā)展不完善,醫(yī)養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)護、倫理關(guān)懷三大功能相互脫離;機構(gòu)準入標準不明確、政府財政補貼不到位、老人的機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老購買能力低下。建議在現(xiàn)有機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老基礎(chǔ)上建立農(nóng)村機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老PPP管理模式,形成統(tǒng)一管理部門,使社會資本融入農(nóng)村機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老體系中;將農(nóng)村公辦敬老院托管給民營養(yǎng)老機構(gòu),形成托管式公建民營養(yǎng)老院,構(gòu)建多元主體的機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老模式;完善機構(gòu)內(nèi)部管理方式,對入住老人采取分類管理,在農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老機構(gòu)中形成差別式供給,并注入人文關(guān)懷理念;加大政府財政投入力度,優(yōu)化補貼方式,簡化補貼程序;制定統(tǒng)一的機構(gòu)準入標準;形成相關(guān)法律和監(jiān)督機制,加強對機構(gòu)運營狀況和財政補貼落實情況的監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, the aging trend of population in China has been increasing, and the rapid change of population has led to the increase of the proportion of the rural elderly population in the total population of the elderly. At the same time, the family size is miniaturized. Family structure changes and urbanization continue to promote, resulting in the gradual weakening of rural family pension function, which indicates that the demand for rural social pension is expanding. Institutional pension is one of the important contents of social pension. Should have "support" status in the rural social pension service system, but at present there are many problems in the rural institutional pension, mainly for the lack of the number of institutions, service content is single, infrastructure is not perfect. The main reason is that the main reason is that the main body of institutional pension supply is single, the social capital is difficult to integrate, which makes the institutional pension model rigid. The administrative nature is too obvious; The internal development of the organization is not perfect, the medical care, the maintenance, and the ethical care are separated from each other; The institutional admission standards are not clear, the government financial subsidies are not in place, and the institutional pension purchase ability of the elderly is low. It is suggested that the rural institutional pension PPP management model be established on the basis of the existing institutional pension. Form a unified management department to integrate social capital into the rural institutional pension system; The rural public homes for the aged will be entrusted to private pension institutions, forming a trust type of public building private nursing homes, building a pluralistic institutional pension model; Perfecting the internal management mode of the institution, adopting the classification management to the old people, forming the differentiated supply in the rural old-age care institution, and injecting the humanistic care idea; Increase the government financial input, optimize the subsidy method, simplify the subsidy procedure; Establishing uniform institutional access standards; Form relevant laws and supervision mechanisms to strengthen supervision over the operation of institutions and the implementation of financial subsidies.
【作者單位】： 華中科技大學社會學院;
【基金】：國家社會科學基金項目(16BRK025)
【分類號】：D669.6
【正文快照】： 一、問題提出20世紀90年代起,我國老齡化趨勢不斷加劇,養(yǎng)老問題成為影響我國社會發(fā)展的突出問題,相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2015年末我國60歲以上老年人口已經(jīng)達到2.22億,占總?cè)丝诘?6.1%,未來20年我國人口老齡化形勢將更加嚴峻[1]。其中農(nóng)村老齡化問題更為突出,據(jù)2013年國務(wù)院政策研究辦

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