【摘要】： 職務(wù)犯罪作為公權(quán)力腐敗的一種最極端的表現(xiàn)形式，對(duì)國(guó)家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)秩序構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重危害。我國(guó)正處于從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制向社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程中，適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展要求的管理體制、監(jiān)督制約機(jī)制還處在探索和完善之中，還不可能達(dá)到嚴(yán)密規(guī)范，社會(huì)主義民主和法制也不可能在短時(shí)期內(nèi)得以完備，這就為腐敗滋生蔓延提供了溫床。檢察機(jī)關(guān)是我國(guó)擔(dān)負(fù)著偵查職務(wù)犯罪職能的重要反腐部門之一，在當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)下既要有效的打擊職務(wù)犯罪，又要兼顧犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)的保障，探索一個(gè)適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的職務(wù)犯罪偵查模式勢(shì)在必行。 從刑事訴訟構(gòu)造的視角來(lái)看，職務(wù)犯罪偵查模式分為當(dāng)事人主義偵查模式和職權(quán)主義偵查模式，當(dāng)事人主義偵查模式優(yōu)勢(shì)在于保障人權(quán)，而職權(quán)主義偵查模式優(yōu)勢(shì)重在打擊犯罪。我國(guó)當(dāng)前的職務(wù)犯罪偵查模式屬于職權(quán)主義偵查模式，這是由我國(guó)悠久的法文化和政治經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀、前蘇聯(lián)模式影響以及當(dāng)前職務(wù)犯罪形勢(shì)的嚴(yán)峻性等諸多因素所決定的。我國(guó)職務(wù)犯罪偵查模式的缺陷在于：雖然屬于職權(quán)主義偵查模式，卻并沒有在實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮出高效率打擊職務(wù)犯罪的優(yōu)勢(shì)；而在犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)保障不力方面更有其固有的表現(xiàn)。 我國(guó)職務(wù)犯罪職權(quán)主義偵查模式打擊職務(wù)犯罪不力的原因主要是：檢察機(jī)關(guān)雙層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制導(dǎo)致的職務(wù)犯罪偵查權(quán)不獨(dú)立，職務(wù)犯罪偵查機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置不合理和檢察機(jī)關(guān)職務(wù)犯罪偵查權(quán)的不完善。因此，必須明確職務(wù)犯罪偵查權(quán)應(yīng)當(dāng)由檢察機(jī)關(guān)獨(dú)立行使，整合反貪污賄賂局和瀆職侵權(quán)檢察局為職務(wù)犯罪偵查局，專門負(fù)責(zé)職務(wù)犯罪案件的偵查；必須理順檢察機(jī)關(guān)與黨政部門的關(guān)系，可以考慮對(duì)全國(guó)檢察機(jī)關(guān)實(shí)行直屬中央的垂直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制，以保障檢察機(jī)關(guān)獨(dú)立行使職務(wù)犯罪偵查權(quán)；必須明確賦予檢察機(jī)關(guān)完整的偵查權(quán)并予以完善。 我國(guó)職務(wù)犯罪職權(quán)主義偵查模式在對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人的人權(quán)保障方面還比較薄弱，主要表現(xiàn)在：“雙規(guī)”“兩指”的不規(guī)范操作對(duì)于人權(quán)保障造成不利影響；職務(wù)犯罪強(qiáng)制偵查行為司法審查機(jī)制的缺失對(duì)于人權(quán)保障明顯不利；律師在偵查階段的會(huì)見難更是阻礙了犯罪嫌疑人獲得法律幫助的渠道。因此，隨著檢察機(jī)關(guān)獨(dú)立性的增強(qiáng)和職務(wù)犯罪偵查職能的完善，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看，應(yīng)當(dāng)摒棄依靠紀(jì)檢監(jiān)察部門的“雙規(guī)”“兩指”來(lái)偵破案件的做法；在我國(guó)建立偵查法官制度，對(duì)職務(wù)犯罪偵查行為進(jìn)行必要的司法審查；切實(shí)保障職務(wù)犯罪偵查階段律師為犯罪嫌疑人提供法律幫助的訴訟權(quán)利。 通過(guò)改革和完善我國(guó)的職務(wù)犯罪偵查模式，使檢察機(jī)關(guān)既能高效率懲治職務(wù)犯罪，，同時(shí)兼顧保障人權(quán)，以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前職務(wù)犯罪形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)狀，為構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)添磚加瓦。
[Abstract]:As one of the most extreme forms of public power corruption, duty crime has caused serious harm to the national political, economic and social order. China is in the process of transforming from the planned economy system to the socialist market economy system. The management system that meets the requirements of the development of the market economy, the supervision and restriction mechanism is still in the process of exploration and improvement, and it is impossible to achieve strict standards. Socialist democracy and legal system cannot be completed in a short period of time, which provides a breeding ground for corruption to breed and spread. Procuratorial organs are one of the important anti-corruption departments that undertake the function of investigating duty crimes in our country. Under the current situation, we should not only effectively crack down on duty crimes, but also take into account the protection of the human rights of criminal suspects. It is imperative to explore a duty crime investigation mode suitable for the national conditions of our country. From the perspective of the structure of criminal proceedings, the investigation mode of duty crime can be divided into two modes: litigant investigation mode and authoritarian investigation mode. The advantage of the litigant investigation mode lies in the protection of human rights. The advantage of functional investigation mode is to crack down on crime. The current investigation mode of duty crime in our country belongs to the functional investigation mode, which is determined by many factors, such as the present situation of the long legal culture and political and economic development of our country, the influence of the former Soviet Union model and the seriousness of the current situation of duty crime. The defects of the investigation mode of duty crime in our country are as follows: although it belongs to the functional investigation mode, it does not give full play to the advantage of cracking down on duty crime efficiently in practice, and it has its inherent performance in the aspect of weak protection of human rights of criminal suspects. The main reasons why the investigation mode of duty crime in our country is weak in cracking down on duty crime is that the investigation power of duty crime caused by the double leadership system of procuratorial organs is not independent. The establishment of the investigation organization of the duty crime is unreasonable and the investigation power of the duty crime of the procuratorial organ is not perfect. Therefore, it must be made clear that the power of investigation of duty crimes should be exercised independently by procuratorial organs, and the Bureau of Anti-Corruption and bribery and the Bureau of malfeasance and infringement should be integrated into the Bureau of investigation of Duty crimes, which should be specially responsible for the investigation of cases of duty crimes. It is necessary to straighten out the relationship between the procuratorial organs and the party and government departments, and we can consider carrying out the vertical leadership system directly under the central government for the procuratorial organs of the whole country, so as to ensure the procuratorial organs to independently exercise the power of investigation and investigation of official crimes. The procuratorial organs must be clearly given complete powers of investigation and improved. The investigation mode of duty crime authority in our country is still relatively weak in the protection of human rights of criminal suspects, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the irregular operation of "double rules" and "two fingers" has a negative impact on the protection of human rights; The lack of judicial review mechanism for compulsory investigation of duty crimes is obviously disadvantageous to the protection of human rights, and the difficulty of meeting lawyers in the investigation stage hinders the channels for criminal suspects to obtain legal help. Therefore, with the enhancement of the independence of procuratorial organs and the improvement of the investigation function of duty crimes, in the long run, we should abandon the practice of relying on the "double rules" of discipline inspection and supervision departments to detect cases. To establish the investigation judge system in our country, to carry on the necessary judicial review to the duty crime investigation behavior, and to guarantee the litigation right of the lawyer to provide legal assistance to the criminal suspect in the investigation stage of the duty crime. Through reforming and perfecting the investigation mode of duty crime in our country, the procuratorial organs can not only punish the duty crime efficiently, but also give consideration to the protection of human rights, so as to adapt to the serious situation of duty crime at present. To contribute to the construction of a harmonious socialist society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2;D918

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 邢芳;香港反貪偵查模式研究[D];中國(guó)政法大學(xué);2011年

2 能昌銀;論受賄罪偵查取證中的問(wèn)題及對(duì)策[D];山東大學(xué);2012年

3 魏薇;法治視野下的懲防體系建設(shè)探析[D];浙江大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：2481684