【摘要】： 我國的偵查制度是在長期的實踐中逐步形成的,它既不同于英美法系,也不同于大陸法系,具有獨特的中國特色。隨著我國政治文明和經(jīng)濟文明的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)行的偵查制度在司法改革和與國際先進的司法理念、制度接軌進程中,它的自身不足與缺陷日益凸顯,需要從理論和實踐兩個方面加以研究和解決。 我國現(xiàn)行的偵查制度既有許多適合國情、科學合理之處,也有自身存在的不足,具體體現(xiàn)在:對偵查權(quán)監(jiān)督制約不夠,犯罪嫌疑人權(quán)利缺乏保障,偵查程序與庭審產(chǎn)生沖突,如實回答義務(wù)剝奪了犯罪嫌疑人自愿陳述的意志,違背證明責任原理以及非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則不完善等缺陷。因此改革和完善我國現(xiàn)行偵查制度十分必要。 隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和我國政治、司法體制改革的不斷推進,同時,也是在與國際先進的司法理念、制度接軌的過程中,公民的人權(quán)保障意識逐步增強,程序法與實體法并重的呼聲日益提高,司法公正已成為立法和執(zhí)法追求的目標。公安偵查制度作為我國刑事訴訟的一個重要組成部分,改革和完善它的社會基礎(chǔ)和輿論氛圍已經(jīng)形成,如箭在弦上,一觸即發(fā)。 如何在現(xiàn)行法治下,既保證有效地揭露、證實犯罪,使用有限的司法資源確保犯罪分子受到應有的懲罰,又能夠保障人權(quán),使偵查活動盡可能地減少對當事人合法權(quán)利的侵害,并確保司法公正,這是改革追求的目標。偵查制度的改革和完善,可以通過立法(主要是刑事訴訟法)上的完善,建立對強制措施的司法審查制度,賦予犯罪嫌疑人沉默權(quán),擴大律師在偵查階段的訴訟權(quán)利,建立非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則等手段,對公安偵查行為加以限制,使偵查活動在法律的框架之下活動。 對人權(quán)保護的加強、對程序正當?shù)淖非?不可避免地會加大訴訟的成本、降低偵查機關(guān)打擊犯罪的效率。盡管偵查職權(quán)的限制會一定程度地削弱偵查能力,但這是偵查法治化必須付出的代價。除了立法上的完善外,公安機關(guān)還必須對配套機制加以完善,如加強公安機關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)及信息化建設(shè),構(gòu)建社會治安防控體系和加強公安隊伍的正規(guī)化建設(shè)等。只有我們的公安隊伍樹立了法治化觀點,并建立了一整套科學與合理的機制,公安偵查制度的改革才能順利地進行,改革的制度也才能得到切實地貫徹執(zhí)行。
[Abstract]:The investigation system of our country is formed gradually in the long-term practice. It is different from the common law system and the civil law system, and has the unique Chinese characteristic. With the development of political civilization and economic civilization in China, the current investigation system in the judicial reform and with the international advanced judicial concept, the system in line with the process, its own shortcomings and defects are increasingly prominent. It needs to be studied and solved from two aspects: theory and practice. The current investigation system of our country not only has many suitable conditions, scientific and reasonable place, but also has its own shortcomings. It is embodied in the following aspects: insufficient supervision and restriction of investigation power, lack of protection of criminal suspect's rights, conflict between investigation procedure and trial, The obligation to answer truthfully deprives the criminal suspect of his will to make a voluntary statement, violates the principle of burden of proof and the imperfection of the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence. Therefore, it is necessary to reform and perfect our current investigation system. With the development of our country's social economy and the reform of our country's political and judicial system, at the same time, in the process of connecting with the international advanced judicial concept and system, the citizen's consciousness of protecting human rights is gradually strengthened. The appeal of procedural law and substantive law is increasing day by day, and judicial justice has become the goal of legislation and law enforcement. As an important part of our country's criminal procedure, the public security investigation system has formed its social foundation and public opinion atmosphere, such as the attack is imminent. How to ensure the effective disclosure and proof of crimes under the current rule of law, the use of limited judicial resources to ensure that criminals are duly punished, and the protection of human rights, so as to minimize the infringement of the legitimate rights of the parties involved in investigative activities, And ensure justice, which is the goal of the reform. The reform and perfection of the investigation system can, through the perfection of legislation (mainly criminal procedure law), establish a system of judicial review of coercive measures, endow suspects with the right to silence, and expand lawyers' litigation rights in the investigation stage. The establishment of illegal evidence exclusion rules and other means to limit the police investigation behavior, so that the investigation activities under the framework of the law. The strengthening of the protection of human rights and the pursuit of due process will inevitably increase the cost of litigation and reduce the efficiency of the investigation organs in cracking down on crime. Although the limitation of investigation authority will weaken the investigation ability to some extent, it is the price that investigation rule by law must pay. In addition to the perfection of legislation, the public security organs must also perfect the supporting mechanisms, such as strengthening the foundation and information construction of public security organs, constructing the system of prevention and control of public security and strengthening the regularization of the public security contingent, and so on. Only when our public security team sets up the viewpoint of rule by law and establishes a set of scientific and reasonable mechanism can the reform of the public security investigation system be carried out smoothly and the reformed system be carried out conscientiously.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D631.2

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條

1 傅寅俊;論我國對抗式偵查程序的構(gòu)建[D];浙江工商大學;2011年

2 魏寧;試論我國當前公安偵查制度的缺陷與完善[D];西北大學;2011年

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本文編號：2400542