腰椎間盤突出癥的體感誘發(fā)電位診斷及法醫(yī)學(xué)意義
本文選題:體感誘發(fā)電位 + 腰椎間盤突出癥; 參考:《中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文
【摘要】: 前言 在臨床法醫(yī)學(xué)鑒定中,經(jīng)常涉及腰椎間盤突出癥(Lumbosacral Disc Herniation,LDH)后遺功能障礙評定的問題,由于被鑒定人特殊的心理作用,常常夸大或偽裝病情,使主觀性較大的臨床體格檢查更不可信,影像學(xué)檢查雖為客觀的檢查手段,但它們終究是一種形態(tài)學(xué)檢查,對于適應(yīng)性和代償性有很大個(gè)體差異的人體來說,有時(shí)雖然有形態(tài)學(xué)上的改變,卻可能無功能上的異常。因此,如何客觀的評價(jià)受累神經(jīng)根的功能狀態(tài)是臨床法醫(yī)學(xué)的重要研究課題之一。 神經(jīng)電生理學(xué)檢查手段可了解神經(jīng)根的功能狀態(tài),彌補(bǔ)了影像學(xué)的不足。肌電圖和神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度作為傳統(tǒng)的電生理檢查手段,對神經(jīng)根性損傷的診斷價(jià)值有限。近年來,應(yīng)用體感誘發(fā)電位(Somatosensory Evoked Potential,SEP)判斷神經(jīng)根功能進(jìn)而診斷LDH,已受到國內(nèi)外眾多學(xué)者的重視。體感誘發(fā)電位是對軀體感覺系統(tǒng)的任意一點(diǎn)包括從皮膚節(jié)段到外周神經(jīng)干、脊髓神經(jīng)后根等,給予適當(dāng)形式刺激后,在該系統(tǒng)特定通路上的任何部位均可檢出與刺激有相對固定的時(shí)間間隔和特定形式的生物電反應(yīng)。SEP有特定的解剖學(xué)基礎(chǔ),能有效地顯示感覺系統(tǒng)的異常改變,是一種靈敏可靠的功能學(xué)檢測手段。而神經(jīng)根是SEP傳導(dǎo)通路的一部分,故SEP的改變能在一定程度上反映神經(jīng)根的功能狀態(tài)。國外自80年代以來就已開始應(yīng)用SEP評價(jià)神經(jīng)根功能狀態(tài)的研究,國內(nèi)自90年代以來臨床方面才有一些報(bào)道,而法醫(yī)學(xué)方面尚未見相關(guān)報(bào)道。目前對于SEP診斷LDH的應(yīng)用價(jià)值尚有爭議。為此,本文對60例LDH患者行脛后神經(jīng)體感誘發(fā)電位(Posterior Tibial Nerve Somatosensory Evoked Potential,PTNSEP)和皮節(jié)體感誘發(fā)電位(Dermatomal Somatosensory Evoked Potential,DSEP)檢查,并以30例正常人作為對照,尋求客觀穩(wěn)定的觀察指標(biāo),進(jìn)一步探討SEP對神經(jīng)根功能狀態(tài)評定的價(jià)值,以期為臨床法醫(yī)學(xué)鑒定提供客觀依據(jù)。 試驗(yàn)對象與方法 試驗(yàn)對象:LDH患者60例,作為試驗(yàn)組,均具有典型的單側(cè)LDH臨床 表現(xiàn),無其它神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病史和體征。其中u一4椎間盤突出8例,M一5 椎間盤突出28例,巧S1椎間盤突出24例。選取健康者30例,作為正常對 照組。 試驗(yàn)方法:Keypoint型體感誘發(fā)電位儀,方波脈沖刺激,波寬0.Zlns,刺 激強(qiáng)度使該神經(jīng)支配的肌肉出現(xiàn)肉眼可見的輕度收縮為宜,或?yàn)楦杏X閉值 的3倍,刺激頻率為2.3Hz,疊加240次,帶通500一2000Hz,刺激電極為鞍 形表面電極,負(fù)極在近端,記錄電極和參考電極均為針電極,皮膚電阻小于 SKQ。同側(cè)小腿置地線。受試對象在安靜的檢查室內(nèi),,取臥位,全身肌肉放 松。室溫在22一24”C。DSEP檢查方法:刺激電極:M:內(nèi)躁上方;巧足背 第三拓趾關(guān)節(jié);sl:足跟外側(cè)。記錄電極:Cz’(C:正中后2.scm),參考電 極:Fz。主要觀察指標(biāo):Nl、P1波是否消失,N1、Pl峰潛伏期及其兩側(cè)差值 (Interside Lateney Differenee,ILD)。異常判定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)Nl或Pl波消失 或平坦;(2)Nl或Pl峰潛伏期超過正常參考值3倍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差;(3)ILD一N1 或ILD一P1超過正常參考值3倍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差;(4)Nl一Pl波幅低于健側(cè)或?qū)φ?組的50%或消失、平坦。凡具備上述任何一項(xiàng),即可判斷為異常。PTNSEP 檢查方法:刺激電極:內(nèi)跺,記錄電極:C3’(Cz向左旁開Zcm,向后Zcm)、 C4’(Cz向右旁開Zem,向后Zem)、T12棘突、胭窩。參考電極:Fz、骼峙、內(nèi) 側(cè)膝點(diǎn)。主要觀察指標(biāo):胭窩電位(Ng)、腰部電位(N22)及皮層電位(瑪8) 峰潛伏期,Ng一N22、N22一瑪8峰間潛伏期(Inte甲eak Uteney,IPL)。異常 判定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)N22或瑪8峰潛伏期超過正常參考值3倍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差;(2)IPL Ng一N22超過正常參考值3倍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差;(3) N22或瑪8波幅低于健側(cè)的 50%,或消失、平坦。凡具備上述任何一項(xiàng),即可判斷為異常。 結(jié)果 1.60例患者DSEP檢查顯示56例(93.3%)異常,U一4椎間盤突出 以L4 DSEP異常為主,但其中1例同時(shí)有匕DSEP和51 DSEP異常;拼一5 椎間盤突出以巧DSEP異常為主,但其中3例同時(shí)有51 DSEP異常;巧S1 椎間盤突出以51 DSEP異常為主,但其中1例同時(shí)有腸DSEP異常。DSEP 異常主要表現(xiàn)為Nl、Pl峰潛伏期及ILD一Nl和ILD一P1延長,與對照組相 比有顯著差異(p0.001),Nl波幅下降或平坦、消失,NI一Pl波幅下降。 2.60例患者PTNSEP檢查只有26例(43.3%)異常,其中腰部電位均 異常,而皮層電位24例異常,2例正常。Ng峰潛伏期和IPL N22一瑪8與對 照組相比無顯著差異(p0.05)。PrNSEP異常主要表現(xiàn)為N22和,瑪8峰 潛伏期、IPL Ng一N22延長,與對照組相比有顯著差異(p0 .001),N22、 瑪8波幅下降。 3.經(jīng)CT或MRI檢查證實(shí)的60例LDH患者中,U一4椎間盤突出8 例,其中PTNSEP異常4例,M DSEP異常7例,拼一5椎間盤突出28例, PTNSEP異常12例,匕DSEP異常26例,巧51椎間盤突出24例,PTNSEP 異常10例,51 DSEp異常23例。DSEp異常率明顯高于PTNSEp異常率(p 0 .001)。 結(jié)論 1 .DSEP中,NI、Pl、ILD一Nl及ILD一PI是診斷LDH的比較客觀穩(wěn)定 的觀察指標(biāo),其中ILD一Nl和ILD一P1個(gè)體間的差異小,是比較好的觀察 指標(biāo),多指標(biāo)同時(shí)觀察可提高其陽性率。 2.PTNSEP中,N22、瑪8、IPL
[Abstract]:Preface
In the identification of clinical forensic medicine, it is often involved in the assessment of the sequela of Lumbosacral Disc Herniation (LDH). Because of the special psychological effect of the identified person, it often exaggerates or disguises the condition, making the subjective clinical physical examination more unbelievable, although the imaging examination is an objective examination, but it is an objective examination. After all, they are a morphological examination. For the human body with a large individual difference in adaptability and compensation, there are sometimes morphological changes, but there may be no functional abnormalities. Therefore, how to objectively evaluate the functional state of the involved nerve roots is one of the most important research topics in clinical forensic medicine.
Neuroelectrophysiological examination can be used to understand the functional state of nerve roots and make up for the lack of imaging. Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity are used as a traditional electrophysiological examination, and the diagnostic value of nerve root injury is limited. In recent years, Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP) is used to judge the function of nerve root. The diagnosis of LDH has been paid much attention by many scholars at home and abroad. The somatosensory evoked potential (somatic evoked potential) is an arbitrary point of the somatosensory system, including the trunk of the skin to the peripheral nerve, the dorsal root of the spinal nerve and so on. After the proper form of stimulation, there is a relatively fixed time interval and specific stimulation at any part of the system on the specific pathway of the system. The form of bioelectrical reaction.SEP has a specific anatomical basis and can effectively display the abnormal changes of the sensory system. It is a sensitive and reliable means of functional detection. The nerve root is part of the SEP conduction pathway, so the change of SEP can reflect the power state of the nerve root to a certain extent. Foreign countries have been applied since 80s. SEP evaluation of the state of nerve root function has been reported in China since 90s, but there has been no related reports in the field of forensic medicine. At present, the value of the application of SEP in the diagnosis of LDH is still controversial. For this reason, 60 cases of LDH patients were treated with the tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potential (Posterior Tibial Nerve Somatosensory Evoked Poten). TiAl, PTNSEP) and skin somatic somatosensory evoked potential (Dermatomal Somatosensory Evoked Potential, DSEP) examination, and 30 normal people as control, seek objective and stable observation index, further explore the value of SEP to evaluate the functional state of nerve root, so as to provide an objective basis for clinical forensic identification.
Test object and method
Participants: 60 patients with LDH, as the experimental group, all had typical unilateral LDH.
There were no other neurological diseases and signs. Among them, u 4 had disc herniation in 8 cases, M 5.
28 cases of intervertebral disc herniation and 24 cases of S1 intervertebral disc herniation were selected. 30 healthy subjects were selected as normal pairs.
Look at the group.
Test method: Keypoint type somatosensory evoked potential instrument, square wave pulse stimulation, wave width 0.Zlns, thorn.
The intensity of the innervation of the innervated muscle is suitable for the mild contraction of the eye, or for the sensory closure.
3 times the stimulation frequency is 2.3Hz, 240 times superimposed, bandpass 500 2000Hz, and the stimulation electrode is saddle.
The electrode and the reference electrode are all needle electrodes, and the skin resistance is smaller than that of the negative electrode.
SKQ. placed on the same side of the calf. The subjects were lying in place in the quiet examination room.
Loose. Room temperature at 22 one 24 "C.DSEP inspection method: stimulating electrode: M: inside the upper part of the rash; skillful foot back.
Third toe joint; sl: lateral heel. Recording electrode: Cz '(C: median 2.scm), reference electricity.
Fz.: main outcome measures: whether Nl, P1 wave disappeared, N1, Pl peak latency and the difference between two sides.
(Interside Lateney Differenee, ILD). Criteria for anomaly determination: (1) Nl or Pl waves disappear.
Or flat; (2) Nl or Pl peak latency exceeds 3 times the normal reference value standard deviation; (3) ILD N1
Or ILD P1 exceeds 3 times the standard reference value; (4) Nl Pl amplitude is lower than the healthy side or control.
Group 50% or disappear, flat. Any one of these items can be identified as abnormal.PTNSEP.
Examination method: stimulating electrode: internal stamp, recording electrode: C3 "(Cz to left side Zcm, backward Zcm).
C4 "(Cz opens to Zem on the right, backward Zem), T12 spinous process and pit. Reference electrode: Fz, iliac, internal
Main outcome measures: lateral popliteal potential (Ng), lumbar potential (N22) and cortical potential (MA 8).
Peak latency, Ng 1 N22, N22 one Ma 8 peak latency (Inte a eak Uteney, IPL).
Criteria for determination: (1) the peak latency of N22 or Ma 8 exceeds the normal reference value 3 times standard deviation; (2) IPL
Ng N22 exceeds 3 times the normal reference value; (3) the amplitude of N22 or Ma 8 is lower than that of the healthy side.
50%, or disappear, flat. Any one of them can be judged to be abnormal.
Result
In 1.60 patients, DSEP showed abnormal in 56 cases (93.3%), and U 4 in disc herniation.
L4 DSEP abnormality was the main cause, but 1 cases had dagger DSEP and 51 DSEP abnormality; one 5.
Intervertebral disc herniation was dominated by DSEP abnormalities, but 3 of them had 51 DSEP abnormality at the same time; Qiao S1
Disc herniation was dominated by 51 DSEP abnormalities, but 1 of them had abnormal DSEP.DSEP.
The main abnormalities were Nl, Pl peak latency and ILD Nl and ILD P1 extension, compared with the control group.
There was a significant difference (p0.001), the amplitude of Nl decreased or even disappeared, and the amplitude of NI Pl decreased.
Of the 2.60 patients, only 26 (43.3%) had abnormal PTNSEP findings, including waist potentials.
Abnormal, 24 cases of cortical potential abnormalities, 2 cases of normal.Ng peak latency and IPL N22 N22 8.
There was no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). The.PrNSEP abnormalities were mainly N22 and Ma 8 peaks.
Incubation period, IPL Ng N22 extension was significantly different from the control group (P0.001), N22.
The amplitude of Ma 8 declined.
3. among 60 LDH patients confirmed by CT or MRI examination, U 4 4 disc herniation was 8
Among them, there were 4 cases of PTNSEP abnormality, 7 cases of M DSEP abnormality, and 5 cases of intervertebral disc protrusion 28 cases.
PTNSEP abnormality in 12 cases, dagger DSEP abnormality in 26 cases, coincidence 51 in 24 cases, PTNSEP
Abnormal 10 cases, 51 DSEp abnormal 23 cases.DSEp abnormal rate was significantly higher than PTNSEp abnormal rate (P
0.001).
conclusion
In 1.DSEP, NI, Pl, ILD Nl and ILD PI are more objective and stable for diagnosing LDH.
Among them, the difference between ILD Nl and ILD P1 is small.
The positive rate can be improved by the simultaneous observation of multiple indexes.
In 2.PTNSEP, N22, Ma 8, IPL
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2004
【分類號】:D919
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