本文選題：受賄犯罪 + 預(yù)防��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 受賄犯罪是指國(guó)家工作人員利用職務(wù)上的便利,索取他人財(cái)物,或者非法收受他人財(cái)物,為他人謀取利益的行為。該罪的犯罪客體是國(guó)家工作人員的職務(wù)廉潔性;本罪的客觀方面表現(xiàn)為利用職務(wù)上的便利,索取他人財(cái)物或者非法收受他人財(cái)物,為他人謀取利益的行為;本罪的主體是特殊主體,行為人具有法定的特殊身份,必須是國(guó)家工作人員,無(wú)此特殊身份的人,只可能構(gòu)成受賄罪的共犯。受賄罪的主觀方面是直接故意。間接故意或過(guò)失不能構(gòu)成受賄罪。受賄犯罪的這些要件使得其與貪污罪、公司、企業(yè)人員受賄罪以及敲詐勒索罪存在根本不同的界限。 隨著我國(guó)改革開放的深入發(fā)展,社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期人們?cè)械膬r(jià)值觀念經(jīng)受不起市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的沖擊,新舊體制的交替使得規(guī)范體系不夠嚴(yán)密,賄賂犯罪也日益蔓延。當(dāng)前,受賄犯罪呈現(xiàn)出明顯不同以前的特征。第一,犯罪主體上不同年齡階段廣泛發(fā)生,尤其是青年犯罪比較突出,受賄犯罪主體中地位較高的官員犯罪呈上升趨勢(shì)。第二,受賄犯罪行為上的特點(diǎn)是在受賄時(shí)往往伴有性行為。第三,受賄犯罪形式和手段上,受賄形式隱蔽,作案手段狡猾。第四,犯罪領(lǐng)域上,金融、建筑、交通、國(guó)土等領(lǐng)域受賄犯罪仍然居高不下;教育、醫(yī)療成了“重災(zāi)區(qū)”以及由經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域向政治領(lǐng)域、司法領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)散。第五,受賄犯罪案值上,單筆受賄數(shù)額越來(lái)越大;受賄金額在一千萬(wàn)元以上的案件呈上升趨勢(shì)。 我國(guó)受賄犯罪高發(fā)的原因很多,但主要在于:政治體制改革不完善導(dǎo)致權(quán)力分配、行使不科學(xué);人事法律制度欠科學(xué),缺乏透明度;經(jīng)濟(jì)法律未保障一個(gè)公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境,如市場(chǎng)主體的法律地位不平等,法律對(duì)資源的配置未保障充分、公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng);現(xiàn)行預(yù)防受賄犯罪相關(guān)立法滯后,存在疏漏,如財(cái)產(chǎn)申報(bào)等廉政法律制度不健全、公民的舉報(bào)制度不健全、現(xiàn)行有關(guān)監(jiān)督的法律規(guī)定偏重于事后性監(jiān)督、受賄罪立法體系不完整不能涵蓋大量變相的受賄罪。因此,為了有效預(yù)防受賄犯罪,我們必須深化改革,完善權(quán)力的分配和行使,形成權(quán)力制衡格局;完善人事制度改革;完善資源配置、公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的法律制度;完善財(cái)產(chǎn)申報(bào)等預(yù)防受賄犯罪的相關(guān)立法;借鑒我國(guó)歷史上和國(guó)外預(yù)防受賄犯罪的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:The crime of bribery refers to the state functionary who takes advantage of his position to obtain other people's property, or illegally accepts other people's property to seek benefits for others. The object of the crime is the official integrity of the state functionary, and the objective aspect of the crime is the act of taking advantage of the convenience of duty, soliciting other people's property or illegally accepting other people's property, in order to obtain benefits for others; The subject of this crime is a special subject, and the perpetrator has a special legal status and must be a national functionary. The person without this special status can only constitute an accomplice of the crime of accepting bribes. The subjective aspect of bribery crime is direct intention. Indirect intent or negligence cannot constitute the crime of accepting bribes. These elements of bribery make it fundamentally different from corruption, corporate, corporate bribery and extortion. With the deepening development of China's reform and opening up, people's original values cannot withstand the impact of market economic behavior in the period of social transformation. The replacement of new and old systems makes the normative system not strict enough, and the crime of bribery is spreading day by day. At present, the crime of bribery is obviously different from the previous characteristics. First, the crime subject on different ages widely occurred, especially the youth crime is more prominent, bribery crime subject in the higher status of the official crime is on the rise. Second, bribery crime is characterized by sexual behavior when accepting bribes. Third, the form and means of bribery crime, the form of bribery hidden, criminal means cunning. Fourth, the crime field, finance, construction, transportation, land and other areas of bribery crime is still high; education, medical treatment has become a "disaster area" and from the economic field to the political field, the judicial field spread. Fifth, in the case of bribery, the amount of single bribery is increasing, and the amount of bribery above 10 million yuan is on the rise. There are many reasons for the high incidence of bribery in our country, but the main reasons are: the imperfect reform of the political system leads to the distribution of power and the unscientific exercise of power; the personnel legal system is unscientific and lacks transparency; the economic law does not guarantee a level playing field. For example, the legal status of the main body of the market is not equal, the allocation of resources by law is not enough, fair competition is not guaranteed, the current legislation on the prevention of bribery crime is lagging behind, there are omissions, such as property declaration and other incorruptible legal system is not perfect, The reporting system of citizens is not perfect, the existing supervision laws focus on ex post supervision, and the legislation system of bribery crime can not cover a large number of disguised bribery crimes. Therefore, in order to effectively prevent the crime of bribery, we must deepen the reform, perfect the distribution and exercise of power, form the pattern of power balance, perfect the reform of personnel system, perfect the legal system of resource allocation and fair competition. Improve property declaration and other relevant legislation to prevent bribery crime; learn from the history of our country and foreign experience in the prevention of bribery crime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D917.6

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本文編號(hào)：1940207