本文關(guān)鍵詞： 老年人 筆跡鑒定 特點(diǎn) 檢驗(yàn)要點(diǎn)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 世界人口老齡化發(fā)展的歷史表明,人口老齡化對(duì)人類社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面都會(huì)產(chǎn)生重大的影響。在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域,人口老齡化將對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、儲(chǔ)蓄、投資與消費(fèi)、勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)、養(yǎng)老金、稅收等方面產(chǎn)生較為嚴(yán)重的沖擊。在社會(huì)方面,人口老齡化將影響社會(huì)福利、醫(yī)療制度、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)以及生活安排、住房和遷移。在政治文化方面,人口老齡化也會(huì)在政治制度、思想觀念、傳統(tǒng)文化等方面有不同程度的影響。 同時(shí),隨著我國(guó)人口老齡化的發(fā)展,在民事糾紛、經(jīng)濟(jì)合同糾紛、遺產(chǎn)繼承糾紛方面,以及在特定的刑事案件中涉及老年人筆跡的鑒定日益增多。因此,研究老年人筆跡特征、筆跡變化的規(guī)律以及老年人筆跡檢驗(yàn)鑒定的方法具有很強(qiáng)的理論指導(dǎo)意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 鑒于老年人筆跡鑒定是當(dāng)前文件鑒定工作的難點(diǎn),而且在理論和實(shí)踐方面涉足研究的為數(shù)不多,因此,本文在大量統(tǒng)計(jì)分析研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)老年人筆跡鑒定的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)的論述。 本篇論文一共分為四部分,全文共三萬四千余字。筆者從老年人筆跡鑒定的意義、研究現(xiàn)狀和科學(xué)依據(jù)談起,運(yùn)用實(shí)證的研究方法,對(duì)三百多份老年人的筆跡樣本進(jìn)行了分析比較,總結(jié)了其書寫特點(diǎn),并與其他幾種筆跡進(jìn)行了比較,在此基礎(chǔ)上,論述了老年人筆跡鑒定的方法。 第一部分是老年人筆跡鑒定概述部分,主要說明了研究老年人筆跡鑒定的意義、老年人筆跡鑒定的研究現(xiàn)狀以及老年人筆跡鑒定的科學(xué)依據(jù)三個(gè)方面的問題。隨著人口老齡化的不斷加劇,涉及老年人的訴訟爭(zhēng)議越來越多,有關(guān)老年人的筆跡鑒定結(jié)論已經(jīng)成為解決這類訴訟爭(zhēng)議的關(guān)鍵證據(jù),因此,老年人筆跡鑒定的研究成為必要。在老年人筆跡鑒定的科學(xué)依據(jù)部分,筆者首先進(jìn)行了老年人的年齡段劃分,提出在老年人筆跡鑒定中,應(yīng)該在以老年人歲序年齡為基礎(chǔ)的同時(shí),更多的考慮老年人的生物年齡。 第二部分重點(diǎn)論述了老年人筆跡的特點(diǎn)。主要從老年人筆跡特點(diǎn)形成的原因、老年人筆跡特點(diǎn)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和老年人筆跡特點(diǎn)的規(guī)律表現(xiàn)三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行具體闡述。老年人筆跡特點(diǎn)的形成原因主要包括生理原因和心理原因。生理方面的原因包括老年人書寫動(dòng)作系統(tǒng)的生理變化,此系統(tǒng)包括骨、關(guān)節(jié)和肌肉的老化,老年人神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的老化,老年人書寫活動(dòng)生理機(jī)能的整體協(xié)調(diào)性的老化。心理方面的原因主要包括聽覺和視覺感受性降低和老年人記憶力下降兩方面。筆者在分析了老年人筆跡形成的原因之后,通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析研究,對(duì)老年人的筆跡特點(diǎn)從橫向、縱向以及病理三大方面作了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,最后得出老年人筆跡的特點(diǎn)。在進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析時(shí),筆者把收集的老年人書寫的實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本按照50-60歲、60-70歲、70歲以上三個(gè)不同年齡階段進(jìn)行分類,并依據(jù)筆跡的一般狀況變化征象和書寫運(yùn)筆動(dòng)作變化征象進(jìn)行分析,然后根據(jù)分析結(jié)果又對(duì)60-70歲和70歲以上的老年人依據(jù)不同的文化層次進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 本部分具有一定的實(shí)踐意義,表現(xiàn)在本部分運(yùn)用實(shí)證的研究方法,通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析所收集的材料,運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),并配以大量的圖片,客觀全面的闡述了老年人筆跡的特點(diǎn),為今后文件檢驗(yàn)工作者更好更全面的把握老年人筆跡特點(diǎn)提供了參考。 第三部分介紹了老年人筆跡與幾種常見筆跡的區(qū)別。在筆跡鑒定實(shí)踐中,老年人筆跡與摹仿筆跡、左手偽裝筆跡所表現(xiàn)出來的筆跡特征常有混淆,正是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)這三者之間的筆跡特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)不足,在鑒定中常給鑒定人帶來諸多的困惑,導(dǎo)致難以下結(jié)論甚至作出錯(cuò)誤的判斷。因此,在本部分中,對(duì)老年人筆跡與摹仿筆跡、與左手偽裝筆跡進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的比較,以期為筆跡鑒定工作帶來實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)意義。同時(shí),在本部分中,還探索性的比較了老年人筆跡與心情緊張狀態(tài)下、醉酒狀態(tài)下、與精神病患者書寫字跡的區(qū)別,希望為今后筆跡鑒定工作中遇到的問題提供參考。 第四部分是本篇論文的核心部分,主要論述了老年人筆跡鑒定的方法要點(diǎn)。本部分根據(jù)筆跡鑒定的程序,從以下六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述:1.準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別檢材筆跡的性質(zhì);2.分析檢材與樣本的鑒定條件;3.分析確定老年筆跡特征;4.比較筆跡特征的異同;5.系統(tǒng)的綜合評(píng)斷作出鑒定結(jié)論;6.老年人筆跡檢案舉例。在準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別老年筆跡的性質(zhì)這一部分主要對(duì)老年人書寫的正常筆跡、老年人書寫的變化筆跡、老年人的偽裝筆跡進(jìn)行了分析。在分析檢材與樣本的鑒定條件部分包括對(duì)檢材可檢驗(yàn)性的價(jià)值分析和對(duì)樣本可比性的價(jià)值分析兩部分。在分析確定老年筆跡特征部分主要包括四方面內(nèi)容:分析確定老年人筆跡特征系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)、對(duì)老年人檢材筆跡特征的選擇確定方法、對(duì)老年人樣本筆跡特征的選擇確定方法、在選擇老年人筆跡特征中應(yīng)該注意的問題。比較筆跡特征的異同部分從比較老年人筆跡一般狀況特征、書寫動(dòng)作局部特征和按特征組進(jìn)行全面的比較三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了論述。系統(tǒng)的評(píng)斷作出鑒定結(jié)論包括對(duì)老年人筆跡特征差異點(diǎn)性質(zhì)的評(píng)斷、對(duì)老年人筆跡符合點(diǎn)的價(jià)值評(píng)斷以及對(duì)符合點(diǎn)和差異點(diǎn)的綜合評(píng)斷。 本部分的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值在于在一定程度上系統(tǒng)全面的分析了老年人筆跡鑒定的一般方法要點(diǎn)以及在鑒定中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問題。現(xiàn)實(shí)價(jià)值在于為文件檢驗(yàn)工作者提供了老年人筆跡鑒定中具體的操作方法。本部分的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于在分析確定老年筆跡特征這一部分中,提出了從四個(gè)方面系統(tǒng)的考慮確定老年人的筆跡特征,這四方面包括老年人的動(dòng)態(tài)筆跡特征和靜態(tài)筆跡特征、老年人的顯性筆跡特征和隱性筆跡特征、老年人的固有筆跡特征和附加筆跡特征、老年人的穩(wěn)定筆跡特征和變化筆跡特征。
[Abstract]:In the economic sphere , the aging of the population will have a serious impact on the economic growth , saving , investment and consumption , labor market , pensions , taxation , etc . In the social sphere , the aging of the population will affect social welfare , medical system , family structure and living arrangement , housing and migration . In terms of political culture , the aging of the population will have different influence on political system , ideology , traditional culture and so on . At the same time , with the development of population aging in our country , in civil disputes , economic contract disputes , inheritance disputes of inheritance , and the identification of the handwriting of the elderly in the specific criminal cases , it is of great theoretical significance and application value to study the characteristics of the old people ' s handwriting , the changes of handwriting and the methods for the identification of the handwriting of the elderly . Because the identification of the handwriting of the elderly is a difficult problem in the current document identification , and there are only a few of the research in theory and practice , this paper makes a comprehensive systematic exposition of the problems related to the identification of the elderly ' s handwriting on the basis of a great deal of statistical analysis . This thesis is divided into four parts , which is divided into four parts : the significance , the research situation and the scientific basis of the identification of the handwriting of the old people . The author makes an analysis and comparison on the handwriting samples of more than 300 elderly people , summarizes the writing characteristics and compares them with other kinds of handwriting . On the basis of this , the methods of handwriting identification for the elderly are discussed . The first part is an overview of the identification of the elderly ' s handwriting , which mainly explains the significance of the study on the identification of the handwriting of the elderly , the current situation of the identification of the handwriting of the elderly and the scientific basis for the identification of the handwriting of the elderly . The second part focuses on the characteristics of the old people ' s handwriting . The main reasons include physiological and psychological reasons . The reasons include the aging of the bones , joints and muscles , the aging of the old people ' s nervous system , the aging of the old people ' s nervous system and the aging of the physiological functions of the elderly . This part has some practical significance , shows in this part to use the empirical research method , through statistical analysis the material collected , use statistics , and match with a large number of pictures , objectively and comprehensively the characteristics of the old people ' s handwriting , provide reference for the future document inspector to grasp the characteristics of the old people ' s handwriting better and more comprehensively . In the third part , the differences between the handwriting of the old people and the common handwriting are introduced . In the practice of handwriting identification , the handwriting of the old people is often confused with the handwriting characters of the imitation handwriting and the left hand camouflage handwriting . In the present part , the writer compares the handwriting of the old people with the imitation handwriting , and makes a systematic comparison with the handwriting of the left hand . Therefore , in the present part , the differences between the handwriting of the old people and the writing handwriting of the psychotic patients are compared with the handwriting of the mentally ill patients in the present part , and the writer hopes to provide a reference for the problems encountered in the future handwriting identification work . The fourth part is the core part of this thesis , mainly discusses the main points of the method of handwriting identification in the elderly . The academic value of this part is to systematically analyze the main points of the general method for the identification of the old people ' s handwriting and the problems that should be paid attention to in the appraisal . The practical value lies in providing the document checker with the specific operation method in the identification of the old people ' s handwriting .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D918.92

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 王俊;樸河潤(rùn);陳立云;;筆跡鑒定中對(duì)彎曲抖動(dòng)特征的評(píng)斷[J];湖北警官學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年02期

2 陳夢(mèng)迪;王倩;;淺析筆跡檢驗(yàn)中的彎曲抖動(dòng)現(xiàn)象[J];甘肅警察職業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 陸春晨;歷時(shí)性筆跡變化規(guī)律的研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2012年

2 沈臻懿;左手偽裝筆跡鑒定實(shí)證研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2012年

3 鞠啟;老年人筆跡鑒定問題研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1485364