本文關(guān)鍵詞： 未成年人 犯罪 特點(diǎn) 成因 對(duì)策　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：未成年人是民族的希望、國(guó)家的未來，其健康成長(zhǎng)事關(guān)國(guó)家的興旺發(fā)達(dá)和億萬家庭的幸福。未成年人犯罪問題一直以來都是世界各國(guó)廣泛關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。如何有效預(yù)防和減少未成年人犯罪，挽救失足的未成年人，是我國(guó)少年司法制度必須研究的重要課題。為此，筆者對(duì)河源市檢察機(jī)關(guān)2007年至2011年來查辦的未成年人犯罪案件進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)統(tǒng)計(jì)和多角度分析，從中歸納總結(jié)出河源市未成年人犯罪的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，深入分析其發(fā)生的原因，并探討從家庭、學(xué)校、社會(huì)、司法機(jī)關(guān)等方面采取相應(yīng)的對(duì)策措施，以達(dá)到預(yù)防和減少未成年人犯罪的目的。 本文分為四個(gè)部分: 第一部分闡述2007年至2011年河源市檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦未成年人犯罪案件的基本情況，包括審查批捕、審查起訴的情況，分析未成年人犯罪的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，得出未成年人犯罪總體呈下降趨勢(shì)的結(jié)論，并從刑事政策調(diào)整、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、人大代表呼吁和司法機(jī)關(guān)努力等方面簡(jiǎn)要分析下降的原因。 第二部分通過詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù)分析，總結(jié)出河源市未成年人犯罪在主體、類型、行為方面的特點(diǎn)。包括在犯罪主體方面，犯罪年齡集中在已滿16周歲不滿18周歲之間，低齡化趨勢(shì)明顯；初中及以下文化程度占了絕大部分，文化程度普遍偏低；以農(nóng)民和無業(yè)閑散人員居多，在校學(xué)生犯罪呈上升趨勢(shì)；以本地未成年人作案為主，，外來人員占有一定的比例；以男性為主，女性犯罪呈曲折上升趨勢(shì)；以初犯為主，重新犯罪率低的特點(diǎn)。在犯罪類型方面，犯罪類型呈現(xiàn)多樣化，侵財(cái)性特征明顯；涉網(wǎng)犯罪易發(fā)多發(fā)；毒品犯罪不容忽視；性犯罪占一定比例；涉黑犯罪值得關(guān)注的特點(diǎn)。在犯罪行為方面，犯罪方式的暴力性；犯罪結(jié)構(gòu)的團(tuán)伙性；犯罪手段成人化；作案時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、對(duì)象的有選擇性的特點(diǎn)。 第三部分結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)和典型案例，分析未成年人犯罪的原因，包括個(gè)體原因和社會(huì)原因。個(gè)體原因包括主觀認(rèn)知的偏差以及好勝、報(bào)復(fù)、逆反、無知、貪慕虛榮、好奇盲從等不良心理因素的影響。社會(huì)方面的原因包括在家庭方面，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)不完善、家庭關(guān)系不和睦、父母有錯(cuò)誤的教育觀念和不良惡習(xí)、家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的不良家庭環(huán)境和養(yǎng)而不教，放任自流型、教而不當(dāng)，愛度失衡型、簡(jiǎn)單粗暴，誤導(dǎo)子女型的不當(dāng)家庭教育對(duì)未成年人的不良影響；在學(xué)校方面，重知識(shí)教育輕道德、法制、生理、心理教育、部分老師素質(zhì)不高，沒有善盡其職、學(xué)校與家長(zhǎng)之間信息不暢通、學(xué)校及周邊治安環(huán)境惡劣導(dǎo)致學(xué)校教育功能的弱化；在社會(huì)方面，社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型帶來的社會(huì)價(jià)值觀變化、社會(huì)不良文化泛濫、網(wǎng)絡(luò)的消極影響、文化程度低，就業(yè)困難、社會(huì)公共文化設(shè)施不足、社會(huì)管理力度不夠?qū)ξ闯赡耆说南麡O影響。 第四部分從社會(huì)預(yù)防和司法預(yù)防兩個(gè)方面提出遏制和減少未成年人犯罪的對(duì)策和建議，包括采取注重家庭教育、完善學(xué)校教育和凈化社會(huì)環(huán)境等措施來強(qiáng)化對(duì)未成年人犯罪的社會(huì)預(yù)防；結(jié)合新修改《刑事訴訟法》的內(nèi)容，通過完善審查逮捕、社會(huì)調(diào)查、合適成年人參與、附條件不起訴、犯罪記錄封存、社區(qū)矯正、工作銜接等機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化對(duì)未成年人的司法保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:The minor is the hope of the nation, the future of the country, the prosperity of the healthy growth of our country and hundreds of millions of family happiness. The problem of juvenile delinquency has always been a hot issue in the wide attention of the world. How to effectively prevent and reduce juvenile crime, save the minors, is an important research topic to the juvenile justice system in our country. Therefore, the procuratorial organs in Heyuan city in 2007 to 2011 to investigating the cases of juvenile delinquency are analyzed with statistics and multi angle, concludes the characteristics and rules of juvenile delinquency in Heyuan City, in-depth analysis of the causes, and to explore from the family, school, society, judicial organs and take corresponding measures, to prevent and reduce juvenile crime.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first part describes the basic situation of 2007 to 2011 of Heyuan City prosecutors investigating criminal cases of minors, including the examination and approval of arrest, prosecution, the development trend of the minor crime, the minor crime declined overall conclusion, and from the criminal policy adjustment, the economic and social development, causes a brief analysis of the deputies declined appeals and judicial organs efforts and so on.
The second part through the analysis of detailed data, summarized the Heyuan juvenile crime in the subject, type, characteristics of behavior. Included in the subject of crime, the crime has been concentrated in the age of over 16 years of age under 18 years of age, younger age was evident; junior middle school education level and below accounted for the majority, education level is generally low; farmers and unemployed are mostly college students crime is on the rise in juvenile crime; local, foreign workers occupy a certain proportion; predominantly male, female crime increased trend; in first, the characteristics of the low crime rate. In the type of crime, crime presents the usurpation of diversification. Features; network crime prone; drug crime can not be ignored; crime accounted for a certain proportion; the characteristics of the crimes of concern. In the crime, crime The violence of the way of crime; the gangs of the criminal structure; the adult of the crime; the time, the place and the object of the crime.
The third part of the combination of data and typical cases, the reasons for juvenile delinquency analysis, including individual reasons and social reasons. Individual reasons including subjective cognitive bias and aggressive, revenge, rebellious, ignorance, vanity, curious effect blindly and other adverse psychological factors. The social reasons included in the family, the family structure is not perfect, family relationship is not harmonious, parents have the wrong educational idea and bad habits, bad family environment, family economic difficulties and keep and do not teach, teach and let things drift type, improper love unbalance type, simple and rough, the adverse effects of improper family education for minors to mislead children type; in school, knowledge the moral education method, light, physiological, psychological education, teacher quality is not high, not good to do their job, between the school and the parents of information is not smooth, the school and the surrounding security environment in school In terms of society, social transformation, social transformation of social transformation, bad social culture, negative influence of the Internet, low education level, difficult employment, inadequate social public cultural facilities, and inadequate social management exert a negative impact on minors.
The fourth part from the social prevention and judicial prevention two aspects to curb and reduce juvenile crime countermeasures and suggestions, including to focus on family education, improve school education and purify the social environment and other measures to strengthen the social prevention of juvenile delinquency; combined with the new modified "Criminal Procedure Law > content, through the improvement of the examination of arrest and social investigation, appropriate adult participation, conditional non prosecution, criminal record sealed, community correction, the continuity of work mechanism, strengthen the judicial protection of minors.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D917.6

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