本文關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的倫理道德思考，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的倫理道德思考

     2009-7-18 0:59:41     來源：     

　　論文標題轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的倫理道德思考
Transgenic Technology Thoughts on the Ethics and Morality
論文作者
論文導(dǎo)師郭軍,論文學(xué)位碩士,論文專業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué)
論文單位成都理工大學(xué),點擊次數(shù)0,論文頁數(shù)42頁File Size2835K
2007-10-01
Transgenic Technology;; ethical;; moral;; ethical principles
生命科學(xué)在21世紀的高科技中獨占鰲頭，其中尤以轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用為代表。利用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)，人類可以實現(xiàn)攻克頑癥、提高生命質(zhì)量的美好愿望，但同時它也引發(fā)諸多社會倫理道德問題。因此，如何對轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)形成客觀、全面的認識，引導(dǎo)其朝著有利于人類社會進步的方向發(fā)展就成了具有重大理論和現(xiàn)實意義的課題。 對此本文主要分五部分展開：第一部分簡單介紹本研究課題的學(xué)術(shù)背景及理論與實際意義，國內(nèi)外文獻綜述，本研究課題的來源及主要研究內(nèi)容，論文的主要成果。第二部分介紹轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)及其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，主要通過轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)、基因工程、克隆技術(shù)、雜交技術(shù)的概念比較來分析轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的技術(shù)特點。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)又稱為第二代基因工程，其最大的優(yōu)點在于通過利用外源基因能在相對短的時間內(nèi)獲得預(yù)期的性狀，能解決面臨的一些現(xiàn)實社會問題，但也存在技術(shù)風(fēng)險，并且對人類社會倫理道德形成了一定的沖擊。 第三部分從三個不同側(cè)面剖析了轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的發(fā)展實施所引發(fā)的相關(guān)道德問題。第一，科技進步挑戰(zhàn)人類情感和尊嚴。從轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)誕生之日起，人們對轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)一直持不同態(tài)度，許多人從情感態(tài)度上對這項新技術(shù)非常排斥，但是巨大的社會利益動機使得它必然會蓬勃發(fā)展。這也就意味著當人在自然面前越來越強大的同時，在自己的科技手段面前越來越弱小，對于力圖保持尊嚴完整的人類來說是個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。第二，人類權(quán)利受到巨大沖擊�；蛑委熓俏磥磙D(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的新的發(fā)展方向，，但基因治療也就意味著對人類基因的解密。人類基因組計劃所揭示的遺傳信息是個人最基本的隱私，它的泄露意味著人的自然權(quán)利受到損害；研究表明疾病是由“致病基因”引起，這容易使社會對那些攜帶嚴重致病基因的人實行不公正對待，產(chǎn)生“基因歧視”，使得人的社會權(quán)利受損；人類一旦通過基因治療或根治遺傳病，就不可避免地會產(chǎn)生改良后代的愿望——“基因優(yōu)生”，又會引起激烈的價值沖突和新的社會不平等。第三，基因?qū)＠c利益分配問題。人類只有一套基因組，所以人類基因是一種有限資源，通過基因?qū)＠麃韷艛嗯c該基因相關(guān)的藥物生產(chǎn)及治療以獲取巨額經(jīng)濟利益，更是不平等現(xiàn)象的進一步加劇。 第四部分從兩個方面闡述轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要倫理思想基礎(chǔ)。第一，基因只是一切生命的組成部分，不能簡單等同于生命。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的運用只是改變了基因的性狀，并沒有改變?nèi)说淖匀槐举|(zhì)。第二，人的生命高于動物生命，但人與人之間沒有生命等級劃分，每個人對自己的生命負責。在人類倫理道德體系中，尊重生命是最基本最核心的原則。 提出問題是為了解決問題，本文在第五部分通過倫理反思重點從倫理方面尋找思想引導(dǎo)。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)以人類的健康和福利為終極價值目標。在實現(xiàn)目標的過程中，我們必須對轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)實行必要的倫理引導(dǎo)。我們應(yīng)當遵循“知情同意／選擇原則”，提高公眾對轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的認知水平，培養(yǎng)公眾對轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的正確態(tài)度，盡量使公眾做到真正的知情選擇；遵循“不傷害原則”，反對濫用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)進行優(yōu)生選擇，盡量避免無意中的傷害，降低轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)對人體健康和個人權(quán)利產(chǎn)生危害的可能性；遵循“公正原則”和“平等互利原則”，反對對有限基因資源的專利和掠奪，提倡利益共享，利益與共，共同進步。
Life Science is one of the most important high-tech in the 21st Century, the research of Transgenic Technology is a representative of it. By using of Transgenic Technology, human being can achieve the long to conquer disease and improve the life quality, but it also causes a lot of social ethics issues. Therefore, how the transgenic technology form an objective, comprehensive understanding and guide them toward the progress of human society to develop in the direction became a major theoretical and practical significance of the issue. This paper consists of five parts. The first part briefly introduce the research project"s background and the academic theory and practical significance; Literature Review; The main topics of study and source of content, the main theses results. The second part introduced the development of transgenic technology and the emergence of the status quo, mainly analyzing the technical features of transgenic technology through comparing the concept of transgenic technology, genetic engineering, clone, hybridization. Transgenic technology is also known as the second generation of genetic engineering, its biggest advantage is that through using of outer genes in a relatively short period of time, achieving the expected traits, it can solve some of the reality facing social problems, but there are also a technology risk, and ethics of human society formed a certain impact. The third part analyzed from three different aspect of the development of transgenic technology which triggered by the implementation of the relevant ethical issues. Firstly, the development of science and technology challenge the progress of human emotion and dignity. From the date of its birth, people have been a different attitude toward transgenic technology. From the emotional attitude toward this new technology someone is very exclusive, but the enormous social benefits motive makes it inevitably flourish. This also means that when people became increasingly powerful when they face to nature. At the same time, people felt weaker when they face to the science and technology means which they have created. It is a tremendous challenge for trying to maintain the integrity of human dignity. Secondly, human rights are tremendous blows. Gene therapy is a new developing direction for the application of transgenic technology in future, but the gene therapy also means the decrypt on gene. The genetic information was revealed by The Human Genome Project which is the most fundamental personal privacy, the disclosure means that human beings" natural rights are prejudiced. Through the search, it shows that the disease is caused by "disease genes", which tends to bring some unjust treatment for those who had "disease genes" from the public, it turned to "genetic discrimination", making the damage to their social rights. Once human being can cure genetic disease through human gene therapy, they will inevitably have the wish of desire future generation-"gene eugenics", it will have a heated conflict of the value and bring the new social inequality. Thirdly, some issues of the interests of gene patents and distribution. There"s only one human genome, it"s a kind of limited resources. Associated with the monopoly of the drug production and treatment through gene patents for a huge economic interests, it"s a further aggravate inequalities. The fourth part wrote from two aspects of transgenic technology on the development of ethical ideological foundation. Firstly, the gene is an integral part of one"s life, it can not be simply equated with life. The use of transgenic technology is changing genetic traits, and has not changed the natural essence. Secondly, human life superior to animal life, but there"s no life between people can classification, each is responsible for their own lives. In human ethical system, the most basic respect for life is the most central principle. To raise questions is to solve them, the fifth part of this paper is about to find some ideological guidance through the ethical aspects. Transgenic technology should be to the health and welfare of mankind as the ultimate value targets. In achieving the objectives of the process, we must transgenic technologies necessary ethical guide. We should follow the "informed consent / choice principle" to raise public awareness of transgenic technology, cultivating transgenic technology to the public the correct attitude, as far as possible so that the public be truly informed choice; Follow the "no harm principle" and against the abuse of transgenic technology eugenic choice to avoid unintended harm, lower transgenic technology on human health and the rights of individuals have the possibility of harm; Guided by the "principles of justice" and the principle of equality and mutual benefit, opposed to the limited resources of the Patent and plunder and promote shared interests, the interests of the community, and common progress.

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的倫理道德思考，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

本文編號：57623