【摘要】：正人們相信2+2=4,相信地球是圓的,相信所有的人都會(huì)死,這些心理狀態(tài)被稱為信念(belief)。用當(dāng)代分析哲學(xué)的術(shù)語(yǔ)來說,信念是一種命題態(tài)度(propositional attitude),即對(duì)于某個(gè)命題而言,認(rèn)知主體認(rèn)為該命題為真,而有別于懷疑、憂慮、盼望等其他類型的態(tài)度。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,影響人們形成和持有各種信念的因素有很多。證據(jù)主義(evidentialism)主張人們關(guān)于某個(gè)命題的信念只應(yīng)當(dāng)建立在相關(guān)證據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)之上。胡適曾說過:"有一分證據(jù),只可說一分話。有七分證據(jù),只可說七分話,不可說八分話,更不可說十分話。"(轉(zhuǎn)引自馬蹄疾,第55-59頁(yè))這種看法鮮明地代表了證據(jù)主義的基本立場(chǎng)。19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家威廉·克利福德(W.Clifford)在《信念的倫理學(xué)》一文中,曾提出了這樣一條著名的原則:"無論何時(shí),無論何地,
[Abstract]:Positive people believe that 22 / 4, believe that the earth is round, believe that all people will die, these mental states are called belief (belief). In the term of contemporary analytical philosophy, belief is a propositional attitude, that is, for a proposition, the cognitive subject considers it to be true, which is different from other types of attitude such as doubt, worry, hope and so on. In real life, there are many factors that influence people to form and hold various beliefs. (evidentialism) argues that people's beliefs about a proposition should only be based on relevant evidence. Hu Shi once said: "there is a point of evidence, can only say a minute. There is seven points of evidence, can only say seven minutes, can not say eight cents, not to say ten words." (quoted from horseshoe disease, pp. 55-59) this view clearly represents the basic position of evidence. In the 19th-century English mathematician and philosopher W.Clifford, in Ethics of Faith, A famous principle has been put forward: "whenever, wherever,
【作者單位】： 中山大學(xué)哲學(xué)系;中山大學(xué)邏輯與認(rèn)知研究所;
【基金】：兩個(gè)國(guó)家社科基金重大項(xiàng)目(編號(hào)分別為11&ZD088、11&ZD187) 教育部哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)研究重大課題攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(編號(hào)13JZD004)的階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：B82-0

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