本文關(guān)鍵詞：南宋臨安城景觀布局初探，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

南宋臨安城景觀布局初探

南宋臨安城景觀布局初探

浙江省的省會杭州,最早建制始于秦設(shè)錢唐縣,經(jīng)過隋唐到北宋數(shù)百年的發(fā)展,南宋時期的杭州成為中國古代封建社會規(guī)模最大的城市之一,在十四世紀中葉堪稱世界性大都市。南宋的臨安城市建設(shè)是中國城市建設(shè)的轉(zhuǎn)折點,其城市景觀布局獨具一格,明、清及后來的城市一直延續(xù)這種布局。杭州城經(jīng)歷自秦至唐宋長期建設(shè)與發(fā)展在南宋晉升到都城級的城市。杭州地處錢塘江和西湖之間,其城市景觀布局日益復(fù)雜化、多樣化。內(nèi)城背靠鳳凰山,占據(jù)了臨安城內(nèi)較大的平原地帶,而且居高臨下,制約全城的命脈；外城因擔負保衛(wèi)內(nèi)城的重要職責,在做好城門防御的同時不斷的加固城墻；街道中的御街是全城的中軸線,貫穿全城,同時連接城內(nèi)小街道,組成臨安城的道路系統(tǒng)；重要的中央官署主要分布在和寧門附近,其他官署分布在居住區(qū)內(nèi)；居住區(qū)分布在全城各個適合居住的地方,主要集中在御街南端和中部,城市北部因居住條件的限制,分布較少；位于城西的西湖是臨安城最大的園林,“西湖十景”更是一絕。除此之外,私家園林數(shù)不勝數(shù)。臨安城地處在山水之間,城內(nèi)小橋流水,綠樹紅花與建筑物相互映襯,創(chuàng)設(shè)出人與自然和諧的布局。臨安城地形南高北低,城東南是錢唐江,城西是西湖湖山,因此形成了特殊的“南宮北城”的腰鼓形城,也打破了自先秦以來“天下為中”的四方形城。臨安城整體還是以御街為中軸線,衣食住行各方面都圍繞著御街運行。南宋時期,臨安城坊市分離制度徹底瓦解,居住區(qū)、官署區(qū)和商業(yè)區(qū)等區(qū)域融合在一起,推動了經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。雖只有半壁江山,但當時臨安的經(jīng)濟水平在全國首屈一指,臨安城逐漸由全國政治中心轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿珖匾恼谓?jīng)濟中心。臨安城內(nèi)繁華的景象堪比北宋東京的“清明上河圖”。自此城市建設(shè)不在局限于精細工整的布局,而是依據(jù)其地形及功能合理布局,這種將自然景觀融入人工建筑營造出園林城市的手法值得后來城市建設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒。

【Abstract】 Hangzhou is captial of Zhejiang province.It’s organizational system dated from as early as Qiantang county which founded in Qin dynasty, underwent many years of development from Suitang to northern Song dynasty, became one of the largest city in southern song of Chinese ancient feudal society, and one of the world-wide metropolis in the middle of 14th century. The urban construction of Lin’an is the turning point of Chinese city construction in southern song, the city layout and landscape is of their own.The administrative zones evolution of Lin’an city enhances unceasingly, eventually become the capital of southern song. Since Hangzhou is surrounded by mountains and lakes, the city’s landscape and layout become more complex and diverse. The inner city depend on Phoenix Hill, occupying a large plains Lin’an city, and controlling the lifeblood of the city, Outsider city shoulder an important responsibility to defend the city, so, doing the gates constantly while reinforcing defensive wall; Royal Street is a street which in the city’s central axis, runs through the city, connecting the small streets to form the road system of Lin’an city; important central government offices are mainly located near the Hening door, and other government offices located in residential area; and the residential areas located in various places where suitable for living throughout the city, mainly in the southern and central of Royal Street, northern is rare because of living conditions. The inner city, outsider city, streets, overseers, residential area, gardens and the layout combined with the natural landscape, creating the human and the nature harmonious layout.The special waist drum form of Lin’an city, broke the long city square layout. But on the whole, Lin’an regarded Royal Street as its central axis, operated all aspects like the basic necessities around Royal Street.Finally, during the song dynasty, the workshop and the city completely separated.Commercial, handicraft industry developed extremely prosperously, Lin’an city as the national political center transformed gradually to the national important political and economic center.The city layout of Lin’an City is a typical representative of irregular shape model of urban construction in China.Since then, urban development is not confined to fine neat layout of the city, turned to its function and terrain as the basis for rational distribution.Combine the natural landscape and man-way to create a garden city is good for urban construction later.

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：南宋臨安城景觀布局初探，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。