本文關(guān)鍵詞：近代晉南農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)展與社會(huì)變遷（1860-1949），，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

近代晉南農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)展與社會(huì)變遷（1860-1949）

近代晉南農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)展與社會(huì)變遷（1860-1949）

歷史商業(yè)地理作為歷史地理學(xué)新興的一個(gè)重要分支,是研究歷史時(shí)期地球表面人類商業(yè)活動(dòng)與各種地理要素相互關(guān)系的一門重要學(xué)科。而作為市場體系基層單碩博在線論文網(wǎng)之一的農(nóng)村市場,不僅是農(nóng)村地區(qū)商業(yè)活動(dòng)、商品流通的載體,更在人際交往、社會(huì)聯(lián)絡(luò)等方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。一個(gè)地區(qū)農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)育狀況,往往能反映出當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和人民生活狀況。因此,農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)展演變、地域差異及其在農(nóng)村社會(huì)中所產(chǎn)生的作用等方面的研究,不僅是歷史商業(yè)地理研究的一項(xiàng)重要課題,更是當(dāng)前社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)所亟待突破的重要難題。本文結(jié)合晉南地區(qū)自然人文環(huán)境的特點(diǎn),首先以長時(shí)段的眼光,通過對(duì)地方志資料的詳細(xì)梳理,對(duì)清至民國晉南地區(qū)農(nóng)村集市的數(shù)量、集期安排和廟會(huì)市場的場址數(shù)、舉辦天數(shù)等方面進(jìn)行了一個(gè)總體性的考察。結(jié)果得出,在這幾百年的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,晉南地區(qū)一直存在集會(huì)并行發(fā)展的情況。有所不同的是,廟會(huì)市場一直表現(xiàn)出緩步上升的態(tài)勢,而農(nóng)村集市的發(fā)展則經(jīng)歷了一番的波折。其次,以橫剖面的策略,詳細(xì)比較了晉南農(nóng)村市場在晚清時(shí)期(1860—1911)、民國前期(1912—1936)和民國后期(1937—1949)三個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)的發(fā)展演變,并對(duì)不同地域農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了考察。從而得出在晚清時(shí)期的集市密度以澤潞盆地為最高,汾涑盆地次之,東南山地與西部丘陵山地的集市密度雖明顯低于盆地區(qū),但該區(qū)集市有著較高的開市頻率和較多的廟會(huì)市場作為補(bǔ)充。民國前期,盆地區(qū)的集市密度都有所下降,尤以澤潞盆地下降幅度最大,而山區(qū)的集市密度則都有所上升�？箲�(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,晉南農(nóng)村市場由自然形成的地域分異轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椴煌瑒萘Ψ秶g的差別。在淪陷區(qū)和國統(tǒng)區(qū),因戰(zhàn)爭的破壞和強(qiáng)制的經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)制,市場嚴(yán)重衰敗。在根據(jù)地(解放區(qū)),市場則隨戰(zhàn)事的發(fā)展和政策的轉(zhuǎn)變而發(fā)生很大的波動(dòng),集市點(diǎn)廢置的理由也頗具特殊性。復(fù)次,考察了廟會(huì)市場的發(fā)展及其在晉南區(qū)域市場體系中的作用,得出耕作制度、宗教寺廟祭祀時(shí)間是影響其舉辦時(shí)間的重要因素。提出民國廟會(huì)市場與農(nóng)村集市發(fā)展趨勢不同主要在于資料記載、災(zāi)荒影響及其固有特點(diǎn)等方面的理由。同時(shí),通過對(duì)光緒丁戊奇荒和戰(zhàn)后各方軍事斗爭的考察,得出近代以來的環(huán)境變動(dòng)對(duì)晉南地區(qū)農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)展和空間格局都產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。再次,以典型淺析淺析的方式,通過對(duì)各個(gè)集鎮(zhèn)逐一的考證和歷史地圖的淺析淺析,對(duì)榮河縣進(jìn)行深入的個(gè)案研究,得出該縣市場的區(qū)位變動(dòng)是自然環(huán)境變化、新經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的進(jìn)入及市場內(nèi)在機(jī)制等因素綜合作用下的結(jié)果。然后,詳細(xì)對(duì)比方志中關(guān)于集鎮(zhèn)的記載,全方位地考察晉南地區(qū)集鎮(zhèn)的延續(xù)情況,得出集鎮(zhèn)的興衰起落和區(qū)位上的頻繁變動(dòng)是導(dǎo)致晉南農(nóng)村市場空間格局不斷進(jìn)行重構(gòu)的重要理由。同時(shí),通過對(duì)洋貨與商品結(jié)構(gòu)、新式交通方式與商品流通量、社會(huì)階層與市場交易主體身份構(gòu)成、新型交易組織與市場的組織化趨勢等幾組相對(duì)關(guān)系的考察,得出以上幾種現(xiàn)代性因素的滲入使得晉南農(nóng)村市場的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了頗具時(shí)代特點(diǎn)的量變與質(zhì)變。最后,引入“公共空間”的概念,對(duì)政府、民眾、市場、社會(huì)等方面的相互關(guān)系進(jìn)行綜合考察,得出農(nóng)村市場在近代晉南農(nóng)村社會(huì)的利用率大大增加,并使得當(dāng)?shù)氐穆殬I(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、風(fēng)俗觀念等發(fā)生了巨大的變化,而在這個(gè)過程中政府也扮演了重要的角色。農(nóng)村市場已經(jīng)成為晉南農(nóng)村社會(huì)進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)交往、社會(huì)聯(lián)絡(luò)、信息傳播、民眾教化等活動(dòng)的公共空間。

【Abstract】 Historical commercial geography, which was an important branch of historical geography, is one of the important subjects that research the relationship between human’s business activities and various geographical elements. And rural market which is one basic unit of market system, not only bearing the business activities in the countryside, but also play an important role on in interpersonal communication and social connection. The development status of rual market, can often reflect the whole level of economic development and people’s living conditions. Thus the studying of rual market’s development, regional differences and function, is not just an important subjects, but also a difficult problem of New Socialist Rural Reconstruction at present.First, combining the features of JinNan’s natural and human environment, this dissertation that from a long periods perspective had carding the local chronicle materials in detail, and had wholly investigated the quantity and time arrangement of rural fairs, the quantity and hosting days of temple fairs in JinNan from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. And the results showed that JinNan’s fairs and temple fairs were parallel development all the time in the several hundred years. Only there was a jogging development of temple fairs, while the development of rural fairs had undergone twists and turns.Secondly, this article had compared the rural market’s development evolution in JinNan in the latter Qing dynasty time (1860-1911), the earlier period (1912-1936) and later period (1937-1949) of the Republic of China. It had also investigated the developing features of rural market in different regions. The result showed the highest density of rural fair was in Zelu basin, and Fensu basin took second place. The rural fair density in the southeast mountainous and the western hill and mountainous was lower than the basin area obviously. But it had a high opening frequency and massive temple fair market as the supplement. After the Sino-Japanese War, it’s a big transformation from the region differentiation which form naturally to the difference due to sphere of influence. In occupied regions and Guotong areas, the market had downfall seriously because of the destruction by war and compellent economic control. In the revolutonary base area and the liberated area led by the Communist Party of China, the market had prodigious fluctuation along with the fighting progress and the change of policy. And the reasons of disused or installed fairs had been particularity.Thirdly, the papper had investigated the temple fair’s developing and its actions in JinNan’s regional market system. It obtained that the cropping system and the fete time of temple had important effect in the hold time of temple fair. And it proposed that the different tendency was result from the record of material, the influence of disaster, and its immanent characteristic. Morever, through to the inspection to the strange famine in GuangXu and military struggle in the postwar, this paper had obtained the environment’s change had a huge influence to the rural market’s development and spatial pattern’s change in JinNan.Then, this article conducted one thorough case study to RongHe by typical analysis’s way, through to fair’s research one by one and historical map’s analysis. Then it obtained the market position’s change were result of combined action by various factors which included the natural environment change, new economic agent entry and the market intrinsic mechanism and so on. Subsequently, through to compared the recordation about market-town in local chronicles and investigated the continuous situation of JinNan’s market-town omni-directionally, this article conclusion that the rising and falling and locational variation of market-town frequently were the important factor resulted in space reconstruction continuously in JinNan’s rural market.Simultaneously, this paper investigated the relative relation between foreign goods and commodity structure, new traffic modes and commercial circulation quantity, social stratum and the identity composition of market traders, new transactional organization and systematization tend of market. Then it obtained that the internal structure of JinNan’s rural market had been changed quantitily and qualitily because of the infiltration by over modernity factors.Finally, this article investigated comprehensively the relatice relation between government, populace, market and society by introducing the concept of "public space". It demonstrated that rural market’s utilization had greatly increased in JinNan’s rural areas in modern time. And it had made a huge changed to its occupational structure and custom concept. Furthermore, government had play an important role in the process. Rural market had already become a public space used for economic communication, social connection, information transmission and people education.

【關(guān)鍵詞】 農(nóng)村集市； 廟會(huì)市場； 地域差異； 區(qū)位變動(dòng)； 社會(huì)變遷；
【Key words】 rural fair； temple fair market； regional difference； locational variation； social change；

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本文編號(hào)：199632