陳毅的知識分子思想與實踐研究（1949-1966）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-16 13:17
【摘要】：本文是關(guān)于1949年—1966年陳毅知識分子思想與實踐的研究。建國后,陳毅擔任上海市第一任市長,后來擔任國務(wù)院分管科學(xué)文化工作的副總理,其特殊的政治生涯,讓陳毅與知識分子的交往密切,在與知識分子的密切交往工作中,陳毅形成了一整套關(guān)于知識分子的思想,為新中國的科教文衛(wèi)事業(yè)作出了突出貢獻。1949—1966年陳毅的知識分子思想形成有其特定的歷史條件。馬克思主義和毛澤東思想是陳毅知識分子思想形成的重要理論來源。建國初期恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟和鞏固政權(quán)需要團結(jié)大批知識分子,社會主義建設(shè)的全面開展也需要依靠科學(xué)文化教育,另一方面,陳毅本人知識分子的出身也使陳毅能夠更加了解知識分子,而在長期的革命和建設(shè)實踐中陳毅也認識到知識分子的重要性,陳毅的個人經(jīng)歷也是1949—1966年陳毅知識分子思想形成的重要條件。陳毅首先科學(xué)定位知識分子的階級屬性,認為知識分子是勞動人民聯(lián)盟的一部分,應(yīng)取消資產(chǎn)階級知識分子的帽子。他重視團結(jié)知識分子,認為團結(jié)的人越多越好,同時,他尊重知識和人才。對于如何正確處理紅與專的關(guān)系,陳毅也提出了一系列科學(xué)的見解,他指出,不是要讓每個科學(xué)家都成為馬列主義理論家,黨要領(lǐng)導(dǎo),也要通過黨的專家來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。同時提出,知識分子的思想改造是必要的,但要和風細雨,不能強迫,不能急進。1949—1966年陳毅的知識分子思想體現(xiàn)在他具體的知識分子工作中,在實踐工作中,陳毅求賢若渴、知人善任,重用原國民黨政府官員和高級知識分子,最大程度地團結(jié)各界知識分子,消除知識分子的思想顧慮,禮賢下士,主動與知識分子交心,為知識分子公開"脫帽加冕",在實際工作中,關(guān)心文物保護和博物館建設(shè),重視文教工作的接管,關(guān)懷文藝建設(shè)工作者。陳毅為知識分子創(chuàng)造良好的工作條件,積極努力改善知識分子的待遇,關(guān)心和照顧人才。1949—1966年陳毅知識分子思想與實踐具有重要的歷史意義,它是對共產(chǎn)黨人關(guān)于知識分子問題的理論的豐富與發(fā)展,在很大程度上調(diào)動了知識分子建設(shè),國家的積極性,促進了科教文藝事業(yè)的發(fā)展,但同時陳毅的知識分子思想與實踐在當時特定的歷史環(huán)境下,也有著一定的歷史局限性,其關(guān)于知識分子的思想在一定程度上還是難以突破黨在知識分子政策上的部分局限,其思想并沒有分清知識分子階級屬性和政治歸屬的雙重性問題,其思想也沒有得到長足發(fā)展。1949—1966年陳毅知識分子的思想與實踐對我們當今中國來說,在解決知識分子的問題上,有著極其重要的現(xiàn)實啟示,在當今社會,應(yīng)樹立正確的知識分子觀,以知識創(chuàng)新推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,提高知識分子的社會地位,同時還要制定科學(xué)的知識分子政策,制定科學(xué)民主的文化政策,建立科學(xué)合理的知識體制,重視知識分子的獨立性,重視知識尊嚴與人格獨立,為知識分子的獨立和自由提供法律保障,正確處理學(xué)術(shù)與政治的關(guān)系,在社會主義共同理想的大背景下處理好一元與多元的關(guān)系,同時在當今這個復(fù)雜的社會環(huán)境下,應(yīng)該重視知識分子的人格凈化。陳毅提出的關(guān)于知識分子政策的一些意見和看法,是陳毅關(guān)于知識分子問題的重要思考,陳毅的知識分子思想是他作為一名愛國的共產(chǎn)黨人,用自己獨特的方式來尋求建設(shè)新中國之路而苦苦探索的思想結(jié)晶。在改革開放三十多年的今天,如果我們能積極吸收它的寶貴財富,對我們今天仍舊具有借鑒和啟示作用。
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the study of Chen Yi's intellectual thought and practice from 1949 to 1966. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chen Yi became the first mayor of Shanghai and later the Vice-Premier of the State Council in charge of scientific and cultural work. His special political career made Chen Yi's contacts with intellectuals close. In his close contacts with intellectuals, Chen Yi-shaped. From 1949 to 1966, the formation of Chen Yi's intellectuals'thought had its specific historical conditions. Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought were the important theoretical sources of Chen Yi's intellectuals' thought. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic, the economy was restored and the government consolidated. Power needs to unite a large number of intellectuals, and the comprehensive development of socialist construction also needs to rely on scientific and cultural education. On the other hand, Chen Yi's intellectual background also enables him to understand intellectuals better. In the long-term practice of revolution and construction, Chen Yi also recognizes the importance of intellectuals, and Chen Yi's personal experience is also the same. Chen Yi first scientifically defined the class attributes of intellectuals. He believed that intellectuals were part of the labor people's Union and that the capitalist intellectuals should be abolished. He attached great importance to uniting intellectuals and believed that the more the intellectuals, the better. At the same time, he respected knowledge and talents. Chen Yi also put forward a series of scientific views on how to properly handle the relationship between the Red Cross and the Specialist College. He pointed out that not every scientist should be a Marxist-Leninist theorist, but the Party should lead and be led by the Party's experts. From 1949 to 1966, Chen Yi's intellectuals thought was embodied in his concrete work. In practice, Chen Yi was eager for virtue, knowledgeable and responsible, reused the former Kuomintang government officials and senior intellectuals, United intellectuals from all walks of life to the greatest extent, dispelled their ideological concerns, and made friends with intellectuals on his own initiative. Chen Yi created good working conditions for intellectuals, made great efforts to improve the treatment of intellectuals, cared for and cared for talents. Chen Yi's intellectuals thought from 1949 to 1966 Ideas and practices have important historical significance. They enrich and develop the theory of the Communists on the problem of intellectuals. To a great extent, they mobilize the construction of intellectuals and the enthusiasm of the state, and promote the development of science, education, literature and art. There are certain historical limitations. To a certain extent, his thoughts on intellectuals are still difficult to break through some of the limitations of the Party's policies on intellectuals. His thoughts do not distinguish the dual problems of class attributes and political attribution of intellectuals, and his thoughts have not been greatly developed. The thoughts of Chen Yi's intellectuals from 1949 to 1966 Want and practice have very important realistic enlightenment for us to solve the problem of intellectuals nowadays in China. In today's society, we should establish a correct view of intellectuals, promote economic development with knowledge innovation, and improve the social status of intellectuals. At the same time, we should formulate scientific policies for intellectuals and formulate a culture of scientific democracy. Policies should be made to establish a scientific and rational knowledge system, to attach importance to the independence of intellectuals, to intellectual dignity and personality independence, to provide legal protection for the independence and freedom of intellectuals, to properly handle the relationship between academia and politics, and to properly handle the relationship between unity and pluralism in the context of the common socialist ideal. At the same time, in today's complex situation Under the social environment, we should attach importance to the purification of intellectuals'personality. Chen Yi's views and opinions on the policy of intellectuals are Chen Yi's important thoughts on the problem of intellectuals. Chen Yi's intellectuals' thought is that he, as a patriotic Communist Party member, has sought the road of building a new China in his own unique way. In the 30 years of reform and opening up today, if we can actively absorb its valuable wealth, we still have a reference and inspiration for today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D232
本文編號：2186096
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the study of Chen Yi's intellectual thought and practice from 1949 to 1966. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chen Yi became the first mayor of Shanghai and later the Vice-Premier of the State Council in charge of scientific and cultural work. His special political career made Chen Yi's contacts with intellectuals close. In his close contacts with intellectuals, Chen Yi-shaped. From 1949 to 1966, the formation of Chen Yi's intellectuals'thought had its specific historical conditions. Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought were the important theoretical sources of Chen Yi's intellectuals' thought. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic, the economy was restored and the government consolidated. Power needs to unite a large number of intellectuals, and the comprehensive development of socialist construction also needs to rely on scientific and cultural education. On the other hand, Chen Yi's intellectual background also enables him to understand intellectuals better. In the long-term practice of revolution and construction, Chen Yi also recognizes the importance of intellectuals, and Chen Yi's personal experience is also the same. Chen Yi first scientifically defined the class attributes of intellectuals. He believed that intellectuals were part of the labor people's Union and that the capitalist intellectuals should be abolished. He attached great importance to uniting intellectuals and believed that the more the intellectuals, the better. At the same time, he respected knowledge and talents. Chen Yi also put forward a series of scientific views on how to properly handle the relationship between the Red Cross and the Specialist College. He pointed out that not every scientist should be a Marxist-Leninist theorist, but the Party should lead and be led by the Party's experts. From 1949 to 1966, Chen Yi's intellectuals thought was embodied in his concrete work. In practice, Chen Yi was eager for virtue, knowledgeable and responsible, reused the former Kuomintang government officials and senior intellectuals, United intellectuals from all walks of life to the greatest extent, dispelled their ideological concerns, and made friends with intellectuals on his own initiative. Chen Yi created good working conditions for intellectuals, made great efforts to improve the treatment of intellectuals, cared for and cared for talents. Chen Yi's intellectuals thought from 1949 to 1966 Ideas and practices have important historical significance. They enrich and develop the theory of the Communists on the problem of intellectuals. To a great extent, they mobilize the construction of intellectuals and the enthusiasm of the state, and promote the development of science, education, literature and art. There are certain historical limitations. To a certain extent, his thoughts on intellectuals are still difficult to break through some of the limitations of the Party's policies on intellectuals. His thoughts do not distinguish the dual problems of class attributes and political attribution of intellectuals, and his thoughts have not been greatly developed. The thoughts of Chen Yi's intellectuals from 1949 to 1966 Want and practice have very important realistic enlightenment for us to solve the problem of intellectuals nowadays in China. In today's society, we should establish a correct view of intellectuals, promote economic development with knowledge innovation, and improve the social status of intellectuals. At the same time, we should formulate scientific policies for intellectuals and formulate a culture of scientific democracy. Policies should be made to establish a scientific and rational knowledge system, to attach importance to the independence of intellectuals, to intellectual dignity and personality independence, to provide legal protection for the independence and freedom of intellectuals, to properly handle the relationship between academia and politics, and to properly handle the relationship between unity and pluralism in the context of the common socialist ideal. At the same time, in today's complex situation Under the social environment, we should attach importance to the purification of intellectuals'personality. Chen Yi's views and opinions on the policy of intellectuals are Chen Yi's important thoughts on the problem of intellectuals. Chen Yi's intellectuals' thought is that he, as a patriotic Communist Party member, has sought the road of building a new China in his own unique way. In the 30 years of reform and opening up today, if we can actively absorb its valuable wealth, we still have a reference and inspiration for today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D232
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