本文選題：大躍進 + 人民公社化運動��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】："大躍進"和人民公社化運動是發(fā)生在中國特殊年代的重大歷史事件。從1958年開始,我國廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)掀起了"大躍進"和人民公社化運動的浪潮。為順應(yīng)運動的發(fā)展,展現(xiàn)社會主義制度的優(yōu)越性,同年12月,上海市民政局根據(jù)中共中央"要辦好敬老院,為那些無子女依靠的老人(五保戶)提供一個較好的生活場所"的指示,開展了敬老院建設(shè)工作,敬老院應(yīng)運而生。文章選擇滬郊敬老院為研究對象,以宏觀和微觀相結(jié)合的角度對人民公社化運動時期五保老人的集體養(yǎng)老實踐進行考察,深刻反思在社會主義建設(shè)過程中把宏大理想與現(xiàn)實相結(jié)合的重要性,期望對當(dāng)下養(yǎng)老事業(yè)建設(shè)有所裨益。人民公社化運動時期上海市郊敬老院的興起既受到形勢的影響,也是作為中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對共產(chǎn)主義理想實踐的產(chǎn)物,還是中華民族敬老愛老傳統(tǒng)在這一時期的延續(xù)。透過敬老院的興衰歷程可以看出處在"大躍進"和人民公社化運動漩渦中的敬老院可謂命運多舛,開始在受到多種因素的影響下一哄而起,然而隨著局勢的發(fā)展、敬老院工作中問題的顯露,部分敬老院無聲解散。雖然在上海市民政局的一番整頓和調(diào)整后敬老院得以恢復(fù)、維持,但好景不長,大部分敬老院終歸難逃解散的命運。筆者通過運用大量檔案資料對敬老院的具體運行狀況進行了考察,包括入院標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)定與服務(wù)人員選拔、宣傳教育動員與物資經(jīng)費籌備、生產(chǎn)文娛活動與精神生活關(guān)照、日常生活照料與院內(nèi)事務(wù)管理等方面。在此研究基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合敬老院的興起及歷程,發(fā)現(xiàn)并重點探討其所呈現(xiàn)出的若干問題,主要有敬老院一哄而散的原因、一切為公的體制下敬老院的干部工作弊端、為何"敬老"的初衷最后成了一廂情愿、中央政府在敬老院運行中應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)四個問題。人民公社化運動時期的敬老院體現(xiàn)著鮮明的時代特征,既有得又有失,一方面,敬老院的出現(xiàn)使五保老人老有所養(yǎng),妥善地安排了孤寡老人的生活和生產(chǎn),對促進社會的和諧穩(wěn)定有著重要而深遠(yuǎn)的意義,為我國養(yǎng)老事業(yè)的發(fā)展積累了經(jīng)驗;另一方面,敬老院存在諸多弊端,不但未達到敬老效果反而對老人造成了嚴(yán)重的傷害。
[Abstract]:The Great Leap forward and the people's Commune Movement were important historical events in the special age of China.Since 1958, the Great Leap forward and the people's commune movement have been launched in the vast rural areas of China.In order to conform to the development of the movement and to demonstrate the superiority of the socialist system, in December of the same year, the Shanghai Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, according to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), "shallTo provide a better living place for those old people who have no children to depend on (the fifth insured family), the elderly homes have been built, and the homes have emerged as the times require.The article chooses the residential homes for the aged in Shanghai suburb as the research object, and makes an investigation on the collective old-age support practice of the five guarantees of the elderly during the people's Commune Movement from the perspective of the combination of macro and micro.To reflect on the importance of combining the grand ideal with the reality in the process of socialist construction, we hope that it will benefit the construction of the cause of the aged at present.The rise of the residential homes for the aged in the suburbs of Shanghai during the people's commune movement was influenced by the situation and was also the product of the Communist ideal practice of the leaders of the Communist Party of China, or the continuation of the tradition of respecting the elderly and loving the elderly of the Chinese nation in this period.Through the course of the rise and fall of the homes for the aged, we can see that the elderly homes in the whirlpool of the "Great Leap forward" and the people's Commune Movement are ill-fated, and they are beginning to rise under the influence of various factors. However, with the development of the situation,Problems in the work of homes for the elderly exposed, some homes for the aged disbanded silently.Although after the reorganization and adjustment of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Civil Affairs, the homes for the aged were restored and maintained, but the good times did not last, and most of the homes for the aged could not escape the fate of disbanding.By using a large number of archives, the author investigates the specific operation of the elderly homes, including the setting of admission standards and the selection of service personnel, the mobilization of propaganda and education, the preparation of materials and funds, the production of recreational activities and the care of spiritual life.Daily life care and hospital affairs management and so on.On the basis of this research, combined with the rise and course of the elderly homes, we find and focus on some problems, which are mainly the causes of the coaxing and dispersal of the old people's homes, and the malpractice of the cadre work of the old people's homes under the public system.Why the original intention of "respect for the elderly" finally became wishful thinking, the central government in the operation of the elderly home should do four questions.The residential homes for the aged during the people's Commune Movement showed distinct characteristics of the times, with both gains and losses. On the one hand, the appearance of the homes for the aged gave the five guarantees a sense of security for the elderly and properly arranged the life and production of the lonely elderly.It has important and far-reaching significance to promote the social harmony and stability, has accumulated the experience for the development of the old-age service in our country; on the other hand, there are many malpractices in the homes for the aged, which not only fail to achieve the effect of respecting the elderly, but also cause serious harm to the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D232

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