轉(zhuǎn)化性使用研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-01 21:59
【摘要】：我國合理使用制度機(jī)械地移植了美國合理使用中的“四要素標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,從而忽視了轉(zhuǎn)化性使用在合理使用認(rèn)定中的地位。因此,沒有認(rèn)識到轉(zhuǎn)化性使用存在的正當(dāng)性,并且對于轉(zhuǎn)化性使用沒有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。轉(zhuǎn)化性使用是指一個(gè)二次使用原作的行為增加了原作的價(jià)值或者說是創(chuàng)造出原作所不具有的新的信息、新的藝術(shù)美感、新的視野或者是新的理解。轉(zhuǎn)化性使用與合理使用密不可分但又有千差萬別,一個(gè)使用行為轉(zhuǎn)化程度越高越有可能構(gòu)成合理使用,但這也并不代表對合理使用的認(rèn)定不需要考量合理使用的另外三項(xiàng)構(gòu)成要素。轉(zhuǎn)化性使用理論的理論根基在于:第一,作品本質(zhì)——傳播性以及有益于外部性的特征是轉(zhuǎn)化性使用得以存在的正當(dāng)性理論基礎(chǔ);第二,對于使用行為的研究是轉(zhuǎn)化與否的界分。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,以轉(zhuǎn)化性使用的基本概念與轉(zhuǎn)化性使用的理論根基為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比以文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品的門類為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更具有開放性與可操作性。因此,將轉(zhuǎn)化性使用分為內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化性使用、目的轉(zhuǎn)化性使用和內(nèi)容與目的相結(jié)合的轉(zhuǎn)化性使用。內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化性使用這一類別常常被忽視,并且更有甚者將屬于內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化性使用的案件直接適用目的轉(zhuǎn)化性使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來認(rèn)定或是加入自己的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化性使用需要解決的中心的問題是需要對原作哪些內(nèi)容、多少內(nèi)容進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化,并需要判斷轉(zhuǎn)化出了多少新的內(nèi)容,在此問題的研究上得出了內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化性使用的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即需要考查原作的內(nèi)容是否具有可分性,從而劃分出更小的元素來辨識其是否是“二次使用行為”所必不可少的。目的轉(zhuǎn)化性使用最集中的問題在于判斷文章的目的時(shí)應(yīng)從誰的視角出發(fā)才是正確的路徑,普通民眾的合理感知才是正確的路徑。從而得出一個(gè)具有層次性的判斷目的轉(zhuǎn)化性使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn):先分析原作與新作的基礎(chǔ)性目的,如果基礎(chǔ)性目的是相同的再深入考量作品的附加性目的,通過這個(gè)層次性的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解決目的轉(zhuǎn)化性使用的適用。在內(nèi)容與目的相結(jié)合的轉(zhuǎn)化性使用這一類別中,主要要解決的是內(nèi)容與目的這兩個(gè)方面在判斷順序上容易發(fā)生爭議。由于文章的目的首先會呈現(xiàn)在讀者的眼前,并且對于內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化性使用在辨別的時(shí)候也是先考察文章的基礎(chǔ)性目的與附加性目的,所以以遵照客觀事實(shí)的態(tài)度,在認(rèn)定內(nèi)容與目的相結(jié)合的轉(zhuǎn)化性使用時(shí),先要判斷其是否構(gòu)成目的性轉(zhuǎn)化性使用,之后再考察是否構(gòu)成內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化性使用。
[Abstract]:The rational use system in China mechanically transplants the "four elements standard" in the rational use of the United States, thus neglecting the position of transformational use in the identification of rational use. Therefore, there is no recognition of the legitimacy of transformational use, and there is no unified criterion for transformational use. Transformational use refers to the fact that a secondary use of the original increases the value of the original or creates a new information, a new artistic aesthetic, a new vision, or a new understanding that the original does not have. Transformational use is inextricably linked to rational use, but it varies widely. The higher the degree of transformation of a use behavior, the more likely it is to constitute a reasonable use. But this does not mean that the determination of reasonable use does not need to consider the other three elements of reasonable use. The theoretical basis of the theory of transformational use lies in: first, the essence of the work-dissemination and the characteristics beneficial to externality are the legitimacy theoretical basis for the existence of transformational use; Second, the study of usage behavior is the boundary of transformation or not. On this basis, it is more open and operable to take the basic concept of transformational use and the theoretical basis of transformational use as the classification standard than to take the categories of literary and artistic works as the classification standard. Therefore, the transformational use is divided into the transformative use of content, the transformative use of purpose and the transformative use of the combination of content and purpose. The category of content transformational use is often ignored, and what's more, the cases that belong to the transformative use of content directly apply the standard of transformative use of purpose to identify or add their own criteria. The central problem to be solved in the use of content conversion is what and how much content of the original work needs to be transformed, and how many new contents need to be judged, and the criteria for judging the use of content conversion are obtained in the study of this problem. That is to say, it is necessary to check whether the content of the original work is divisible, so as to divide smaller elements into smaller elements to identify whether it is a "secondary use behavior". The most concentrated problem of objective transformative use is whose perspective should be used to judge the purpose of the article, and the reasonable perception of ordinary people is the correct path. Thus, a hierarchical criterion for the conversion of the purpose is obtained: first, the basic purpose of the original work and the new work is analyzed, and then the additional purpose of the work is considered in depth if the basic purpose is the same. Through this hierarchical criterion to solve the application of purpose conversion. In the category of transformative use of the combination of content and purpose, the main solution is that the two aspects of content and purpose are prone to dispute in the order of judgment. Because the purpose of the article will first appear in front of the readers, and the use of content transformation is also the first to examine the basic purpose and additional purpose of the article, so it is in accordance with the objective facts. When determining the transformative use of the combination of content and purpose, it is necessary to judge whether it constitutes purposeful transformative use, and then to investigate whether it constitutes the transformative use of content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.41
本文編號：2490615
[Abstract]:The rational use system in China mechanically transplants the "four elements standard" in the rational use of the United States, thus neglecting the position of transformational use in the identification of rational use. Therefore, there is no recognition of the legitimacy of transformational use, and there is no unified criterion for transformational use. Transformational use refers to the fact that a secondary use of the original increases the value of the original or creates a new information, a new artistic aesthetic, a new vision, or a new understanding that the original does not have. Transformational use is inextricably linked to rational use, but it varies widely. The higher the degree of transformation of a use behavior, the more likely it is to constitute a reasonable use. But this does not mean that the determination of reasonable use does not need to consider the other three elements of reasonable use. The theoretical basis of the theory of transformational use lies in: first, the essence of the work-dissemination and the characteristics beneficial to externality are the legitimacy theoretical basis for the existence of transformational use; Second, the study of usage behavior is the boundary of transformation or not. On this basis, it is more open and operable to take the basic concept of transformational use and the theoretical basis of transformational use as the classification standard than to take the categories of literary and artistic works as the classification standard. Therefore, the transformational use is divided into the transformative use of content, the transformative use of purpose and the transformative use of the combination of content and purpose. The category of content transformational use is often ignored, and what's more, the cases that belong to the transformative use of content directly apply the standard of transformative use of purpose to identify or add their own criteria. The central problem to be solved in the use of content conversion is what and how much content of the original work needs to be transformed, and how many new contents need to be judged, and the criteria for judging the use of content conversion are obtained in the study of this problem. That is to say, it is necessary to check whether the content of the original work is divisible, so as to divide smaller elements into smaller elements to identify whether it is a "secondary use behavior". The most concentrated problem of objective transformative use is whose perspective should be used to judge the purpose of the article, and the reasonable perception of ordinary people is the correct path. Thus, a hierarchical criterion for the conversion of the purpose is obtained: first, the basic purpose of the original work and the new work is analyzed, and then the additional purpose of the work is considered in depth if the basic purpose is the same. Through this hierarchical criterion to solve the application of purpose conversion. In the category of transformative use of the combination of content and purpose, the main solution is that the two aspects of content and purpose are prone to dispute in the order of judgment. Because the purpose of the article will first appear in front of the readers, and the use of content transformation is also the first to examine the basic purpose and additional purpose of the article, so it is in accordance with the objective facts. When determining the transformative use of the combination of content and purpose, it is necessary to judge whether it constitutes purposeful transformative use, and then to investigate whether it constitutes the transformative use of content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.41
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