基于期刊聚類(lèi)的科學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-20 20:49
【摘要】： 科學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)研究是科學(xué)學(xué)、科學(xué)技術(shù)管理以及信息科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要研究課題。本文基于互引分析、聚類(lèi)分析和可視化技術(shù)等方法,對(duì)科學(xué)的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了量化解讀,研究和展現(xiàn)了自然科學(xué)與人文社會(huì)科學(xué)的整體知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)、信息流動(dòng)特征與規(guī)律。 首先,基于“論文-論文”的引用關(guān)系,建構(gòu)了Web of Science (2002-2006)近萬(wàn)種期刊的互引全矩陣作為科學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)研究的基礎(chǔ)。提出和設(shè)計(jì)了“引文強(qiáng)鏈接”、“引文熵”等一系列計(jì)量指標(biāo)測(cè)度科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的信息流動(dòng)特征與規(guī)律,為更好地研究科學(xué)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)提供了一些新的方法與視角�；诓煌闹笜�(biāo),對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)期刊和學(xué)科的孤立度、中心性、引文鏈接分布廣度等特征進(jìn)行了全面的描述和解讀。發(fā)現(xiàn)了“強(qiáng)鏈接”較多的期刊與“高引文熵”期刊之間界限分明,人文社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)科傾向于擴(kuò)展其鏈接分布,而自然科學(xué)的學(xué)科則更易于擁有較多的強(qiáng)鏈接等一系列科學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)特征。 第二,應(yīng)用引文聚類(lèi)和“引文-文本”混合聚類(lèi)方法對(duì)Web of Science中8305種期刊以及約250個(gè)學(xué)科進(jìn)行聚類(lèi)研究,分別得到22個(gè)期刊聚類(lèi)、15個(gè)期刊聚類(lèi)和7個(gè)期刊聚類(lèi),以及7個(gè)ISI學(xué)科聚類(lèi)體系。進(jìn)一步將得到的聚類(lèi)結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)的“專(zhuān)家”期刊分類(lèi)體系進(jìn)行比較研究,將二者結(jié)構(gòu)的一致部分定義為“學(xué)科內(nèi)核”,其余部分則為“學(xué)科外圍”。所有學(xué)科內(nèi)核形成了科學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)之網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)上紐結(jié),展示了科學(xué)知識(shí)的差異和學(xué)科的多樣性。學(xué)科外圍則展現(xiàn)了學(xué)科的分化、交叉、融合、方法的移植以及理論學(xué)科和應(yīng)用學(xué)科的相互作用等結(jié)構(gòu)特征。例如,SOOI體系中的“神經(jīng)科學(xué)與行為科學(xué)”趨于分化為兩個(gè)分別具有自然科學(xué)傾向和社會(huì)科學(xué)傾向的聚類(lèi),ESI體系中的“心理學(xué)”趨于分化為認(rèn)知心理學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)心理學(xué)兩個(gè)聚類(lèi),而“地理科學(xué)”和“空間科學(xué)”則顯示了較強(qiáng)的交叉融合趨勢(shì),數(shù)學(xué)等基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科也在不同的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域中由于“理論-應(yīng)用”關(guān)系而顯示了緊密相連的結(jié)構(gòu)特征。 第三,基于引文分析和可視化技術(shù),繪制了一幅包含自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)和人文藝術(shù)科學(xué)信息交流特征的科學(xué)全景圖。描繪了自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)不同學(xué)科之間交織融合和彼此滲透的現(xiàn)象,展示了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)橫向交叉滲透、縱向?qū)訉酉嘁?在高度分化、高度專(zhuān)門(mén)化基礎(chǔ)上的高度綜合、高度整體化特征,從量化的角度印證了馬克思和錢(qián)學(xué)森關(guān)于科學(xué)統(tǒng)一趨勢(shì)的前瞻性理論。在這個(gè)科學(xué)大統(tǒng)一的“潮流”中,與技術(shù)科學(xué)緊密相關(guān)的“工程學(xué)”發(fā)揮了重要的溝通作用。此外,通過(guò)對(duì)不同研究領(lǐng)域,例如聲學(xué)研究和心理學(xué)研究交界面的信息流動(dòng)特征進(jìn)行分析,揭示了不同學(xué)科之間新的“生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)”,為預(yù)測(cè)新興交叉學(xué)科的發(fā)展提供了參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The research of scientific structure is an important research topic in the fields of science, science and technology management and information science. Based on the methods of mutual citation analysis, cluster analysis and visualization, this paper makes a quantitative interpretation of the internal structure of science, studies and shows the overall knowledge structure of natural science and humanities and social sciences, the characteristics and laws of information flow. Firstly, based on the citation relation of "thesis and thesis", we construct the mutual citation matrix of nearly ten thousand journals in Web of Science (2002-2006 as the basis of scientific structure research. This paper puts forward and designs a series of measurement indexes, such as "citation strong link", "citation entropy" and so on, to measure the characteristics and laws of information flow in the field of science, which provides some new methods and perspectives for the better study of the internal structure of science. Based on different indexes, this paper gives a comprehensive description and interpretation of the characteristics of academic journals and disciplines, such as isolation, centrality, and the distribution of citation links. It is found that the boundaries between the journals with strong links and the journals with high citation entropy are distinct, and the disciplines in the field of humanities and social sciences tend to expand the distribution of links. And the natural science discipline is easier to have more strong links and a series of scientific structural characteristics. Secondly, 8305 journals and about 250 subjects in Web of Science were clustered by citation clustering and "citation and text" clustering, and 22 periodicals, 15 periodicals and 7 periodicals were clustered, respectively. And 7 ISI subject clustering systems. Furthermore, the result of clustering is compared with the traditional classification system of "expert" periodicals, and the consistent part of their structure is defined as "the core of the subject", while the other part is "the periphery of the subject". The core of all disciplines forms the network of scientific structures, showing the differences of scientific knowledge and the diversity of disciplines. On the other hand, the subject periphery shows the structural characteristics of discipline differentiation, crossing, fusion, method transplantation and the interaction between theoretical and applied disciplines. For example, the "neuroscience" and "behavioral science" in the SOOI system tend to be divided into two clusters with the tendency of natural science and social science, respectively, while the "psychology" in the ESI system tends to be divided into two clusters: cognitive psychology and medical psychology. "Geoscience" and "Space Science" show a strong trend of cross-integration. Mathematics and other basic disciplines also show closely connected structural characteristics in different disciplines due to the "theory-application" relationship. Thirdly, based on the citation analysis and visualization technology, a panorama of science is drawn, which includes the characteristics of information exchange among natural science, social science and humanities and arts. The phenomenon of intertwining and infiltrating between different disciplines of natural science and social science is described. The phenomenon shows that modern science intersects horizontally, intersects vertically, and is highly integrated on the basis of highly differentiated and highly specialized science. The highly integrated features confirm Marx and Qian Xuesen's forward-looking theory on the trend of scientific unity from the angle of quantification. Engineering, which is closely related to technological science, plays an important role in communication in this unified trend of science. In addition, by analyzing the characteristics of information flow at the interface of different research fields, such as acoustics and psychology, this paper reveals a new "growing point" between different disciplines, which provides a reference for predicting the development of new interdisciplinary disciplines.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G230
本文編號(hào)：2284360
[Abstract]:The research of scientific structure is an important research topic in the fields of science, science and technology management and information science. Based on the methods of mutual citation analysis, cluster analysis and visualization, this paper makes a quantitative interpretation of the internal structure of science, studies and shows the overall knowledge structure of natural science and humanities and social sciences, the characteristics and laws of information flow. Firstly, based on the citation relation of "thesis and thesis", we construct the mutual citation matrix of nearly ten thousand journals in Web of Science (2002-2006 as the basis of scientific structure research. This paper puts forward and designs a series of measurement indexes, such as "citation strong link", "citation entropy" and so on, to measure the characteristics and laws of information flow in the field of science, which provides some new methods and perspectives for the better study of the internal structure of science. Based on different indexes, this paper gives a comprehensive description and interpretation of the characteristics of academic journals and disciplines, such as isolation, centrality, and the distribution of citation links. It is found that the boundaries between the journals with strong links and the journals with high citation entropy are distinct, and the disciplines in the field of humanities and social sciences tend to expand the distribution of links. And the natural science discipline is easier to have more strong links and a series of scientific structural characteristics. Secondly, 8305 journals and about 250 subjects in Web of Science were clustered by citation clustering and "citation and text" clustering, and 22 periodicals, 15 periodicals and 7 periodicals were clustered, respectively. And 7 ISI subject clustering systems. Furthermore, the result of clustering is compared with the traditional classification system of "expert" periodicals, and the consistent part of their structure is defined as "the core of the subject", while the other part is "the periphery of the subject". The core of all disciplines forms the network of scientific structures, showing the differences of scientific knowledge and the diversity of disciplines. On the other hand, the subject periphery shows the structural characteristics of discipline differentiation, crossing, fusion, method transplantation and the interaction between theoretical and applied disciplines. For example, the "neuroscience" and "behavioral science" in the SOOI system tend to be divided into two clusters with the tendency of natural science and social science, respectively, while the "psychology" in the ESI system tends to be divided into two clusters: cognitive psychology and medical psychology. "Geoscience" and "Space Science" show a strong trend of cross-integration. Mathematics and other basic disciplines also show closely connected structural characteristics in different disciplines due to the "theory-application" relationship. Thirdly, based on the citation analysis and visualization technology, a panorama of science is drawn, which includes the characteristics of information exchange among natural science, social science and humanities and arts. The phenomenon of intertwining and infiltrating between different disciplines of natural science and social science is described. The phenomenon shows that modern science intersects horizontally, intersects vertically, and is highly integrated on the basis of highly differentiated and highly specialized science. The highly integrated features confirm Marx and Qian Xuesen's forward-looking theory on the trend of scientific unity from the angle of quantification. Engineering, which is closely related to technological science, plays an important role in communication in this unified trend of science. In addition, by analyzing the characteristics of information flow at the interface of different research fields, such as acoustics and psychology, this paper reveals a new "growing point" between different disciplines, which provides a reference for predicting the development of new interdisciplinary disciplines.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G230
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
1 李長(zhǎng)玲;支嶺;紀(jì)雪梅;;基于中心性分析的學(xué)科期刊地位評(píng)價(jià)——以情報(bào)學(xué)等3學(xué)科為例[J];情報(bào)理論與實(shí)踐;2012年06期
2 李長(zhǎng)玲;紀(jì)雪梅;支嶺;;基于E-I指數(shù)的學(xué)科交叉程度分析——以情報(bào)學(xué)等5個(gè)學(xué)科為例[J];圖書(shū)情報(bào)工作;2011年16期
3 李長(zhǎng)玲;郭鳳嬌;;幾種中心性分析方法的學(xué)科期刊評(píng)價(jià)效果比較研究——以19種圖書(shū)情報(bào)類(lèi)核心期刊為例[J];情報(bào)雜志;2013年05期
4 張琳;;期刊混合聚類(lèi)的學(xué)科分類(lèi)與交叉學(xué)科結(jié)構(gòu)研究[J];圖書(shū)情報(bào)工作;2013年03期
相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條
1 張琳;;基于混合聚類(lèi)方法的科學(xué)層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)分析[A];第九屆中國(guó)科技政策與管理學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2013年
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 張金松;基于引文上下文分析的文獻(xiàn)檢索技術(shù)研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年
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