【摘要】：“暢銷書(shū)”有狹義與廣義之分。狹義的“暢銷書(shū)”,是指在圖書(shū)市場(chǎng)中通過(guò)讀者的購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為而產(chǎn)生的暢銷書(shū)；廣義的“暢銷書(shū)”,既可以是在圖書(shū)市場(chǎng)中通過(guò)讀者的購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為而產(chǎn)生,也可以是通過(guò)行政手段發(fā)放或攤派而產(chǎn)生。暢銷書(shū)的本質(zhì)是,在一定的時(shí)間里迅速形成了對(duì)某類或某種圖書(shū)的群體性追捧、閱讀的社會(huì)行為。只要具備這一特點(diǎn),任何圖書(shū)都可以視為暢銷書(shū)。圖書(shū)的暢銷,不僅是經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,而且是政治現(xiàn)象、文化現(xiàn)象,在素來(lái)重視政治、文化的中國(guó)更是如此。拙文以廣義暢銷書(shū)為視野,對(duì)中華人民共和國(guó)建立以來(lái)40年間(有時(shí)酌情延伸至1989年以后)暢銷書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑セ顒?dòng)進(jìn)行縱向研究。 新中國(guó)40年間暢銷書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑タ梢詣澐譃槲鍌�(gè)歷史時(shí)期：1949.10—1957.5,1957.6—1966.4,1966.5—1976.10,1976.11—1982.9,1982.10—1989.5。每個(gè)歷史時(shí)期具有不同的歷史特征與歷史主題。受此制約,每個(gè)歷史時(shí)期暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑サ奶攸c(diǎn)及其形成的歷史原因各不相同,每個(gè)歷史時(shí)期出版的暢銷書(shū)所產(chǎn)生的歷史作用、影響也各不相同。 1949.10—1957.5,是中國(guó)社會(huì)制度發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的時(shí)期——從新民主主義社會(huì)過(guò)渡到社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的時(shí)期。這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑ゾ哂幸韵绿攸c(diǎn)：文學(xué)暢銷書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑ヘS富多彩,俄蘇譯著的大量出版與暢銷成為時(shí)代標(biāo)簽,愛(ài)情與性知識(shí)圖書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑岢闪似嫣仫L(fēng)景。廢舊立新、蓬勃向上、“多元并舉”、“百花齊放”的時(shí)代精神,使這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑フw上呈現(xiàn)生動(dòng)活潑的氣象。例如,20世紀(jì)50年代尤其50年代的早期、中期,文學(xué)暢銷書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑ヘS富多彩。革命文學(xué)圖書(shū)成為文學(xué)暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑サ闹鞲?中國(guó)古典文學(xué)圖書(shū)、以新中國(guó)建立前進(jìn)步作家的作品為代表的中國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)圖書(shū)乃至西方資本主義文學(xué)圖書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑ヒ捕贾Ψ比~茂,這是20世紀(jì)60年代前期難得一見(jiàn),更是“文革”時(shí)期根本見(jiàn)不到的現(xiàn)象。根本原因在于當(dāng)時(shí)意識(shí)形態(tài)對(duì)文藝的控制比較寬松。革命文學(xué)圖書(shū)的空前暢銷產(chǎn)生了巨大影響：培植了廣大民眾的革命英雄崇拜情結(jié),傳播了愛(ài)國(guó)、愛(ài)共產(chǎn)黨、愛(ài)人民,反侵略、反壓迫、反剝削的主流價(jià)值觀。 1957.6—1966.4,是中國(guó)開(kāi)始全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的探索時(shí)期。這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑グl(fā)生了新的變化：中國(guó)革命文學(xué)圖書(shū)繼續(xù)大量出版發(fā)行但遭受挫折,蘇聯(lián)譯著的出版?zhèn)鞑グ档聛?lái)；和平年代英模事跡暢銷書(shū)驟然增多,影響巨大；階級(jí)教育暢銷書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑崆八从�；科學(xué)技術(shù)尤其是中醫(yī)藥暢銷書(shū)成為圖書(shū)市場(chǎng)一道亮麗風(fēng)景�！岸分景簱P(yáng)”、“火藥彌散”的時(shí)代特征,使這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑コ尸F(xiàn)曲折發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)。例如,從20世紀(jì)50年代末起,中國(guó)引進(jìn)出版的俄蘇譯著急劇減少,1960年之后幾乎絕跡。這是1956年后中蘇關(guān)系日益惡化的必然產(chǎn)物,也是中國(guó)翻譯界、出版界有意識(shí)地破除對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的迷信之反映；1963.4—1964.11,專門(mén)的階級(jí)教育讀物紛紛出版并廣為流傳,這是當(dāng)時(shí)階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)迅速擴(kuò)大化的直接表現(xiàn),是社會(huì)主義教育運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)圖書(shū)出版業(yè)提出的必然要求。專門(mén)的階級(jí)教育讀物使青少年兒童增強(qiáng)了階級(jí)觀念,提高了革命警惕性,但歷史塵埃落定之后,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),這種暢銷書(shū)為“左”傾錯(cuò)誤的蔓延起到了推波助瀾的作用,讓仇恨的種子種植于稚嫩、純潔的少年兒童的心靈。 1966.5—1976.10(“文革”時(shí)期),是中華民族歷史上罕見(jiàn)的瘋狂年代,是新中國(guó)建立以來(lái)的噩夢(mèng)歲月。這一時(shí)期暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑サ奶攸c(diǎn)是：毛澤東著作泛濫成“災(zāi)”,“大批判”文集鋪天蓋地,“樣板戲”圖書(shū)獨(dú)一無(wú)二,浩然作品的暢銷成為奇跡,“赤腳醫(yī)生”圖書(shū)成為時(shí)代標(biāo)志。迷信盛行、萬(wàn)馬齊喑的時(shí)代特點(diǎn),使這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑コ尸F(xiàn)畸形、扭曲的局面——品種極其單一,極不平衡。例如,這一時(shí)期,毛澤東著作的出版發(fā)行發(fā)展到瘋狂的地步,這是因?yàn)椋骸拔母铩遍_(kāi)始后出版發(fā)行毛澤東著作成為壓倒一切的政治任務(wù),林彪對(duì)毛澤東著作別有用心的鼓吹與奉承,人們盲目崇拜毛澤東�！拔母铩睍r(shí)期瘋狂出版發(fā)行毛澤東著作,加劇了個(gè)人崇拜,強(qiáng)化了現(xiàn)代迷信,為林彪撈取了政治資本,客觀上在一定程度上起到了傳播知識(shí)的作用�？茖W(xué)技術(shù)圖書(shū)是“文革”時(shí)期的一大暢銷板塊,最具個(gè)性的科學(xué)技術(shù)圖書(shū)是“赤腳醫(yī)生”圖書(shū)�！俺嗄_醫(yī)生”圖書(shū)大量出版發(fā)行的基本原因是：貫徹毛澤東“把醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生工作的重點(diǎn)放到農(nóng)村去”的指示,響應(yīng)毛澤東“備戰(zhàn)、備荒、為人民”的號(hào)召�！俺嗄_醫(yī)生”圖書(shū)是“赤腳醫(yī)生”獲得醫(yī)藥知識(shí)的重要途徑,甚至成了他們現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用、現(xiàn)查現(xiàn)醫(yī)的救急書(shū)。 1976.11—1982.9,是撥亂反正時(shí)期,是從以階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)為綱的時(shí)代向以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心的改革開(kāi)放時(shí)代的過(guò)渡時(shí)期。這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑ゾ哂幸韵绿攸c(diǎn)：嚴(yán)重“書(shū)荒”之后國(guó)民“大補(bǔ)”文學(xué)名著,文化教育圖書(shū)猛然增多并形成銷售熱潮,以撥亂反正為主題的一批暢銷書(shū)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,出現(xiàn)了工具書(shū)、通俗文學(xué)作品、日常生活圖書(shū)、經(jīng)濟(jì)圖書(shū)和少兒讀物的出版?zhèn)鞑�。拔亂反正、初步改革的歷史主題,解放思想、渴望知識(shí)的時(shí)代精神,使這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑コ尸F(xiàn)豐富多彩、生動(dòng)活潑的景象。例如,文化教育圖書(shū)空前暢銷,這是1977年恢復(fù)高考后全社會(huì)重視教育、崇尚知識(shí)、尊重人才的體現(xiàn)。這一時(shí)期出版的中小學(xué)教輔、大中專教材和工具書(shū)等方面的暢銷書(shū),極大地促進(jìn)了教育的恢復(fù)與發(fā)展,廣泛地傳播了文化科技知識(shí)。這一時(shí)期出版的最具轟動(dòng)效應(yīng)的文學(xué)暢銷書(shū)是《第二次握手》,它突破了“文革”時(shí)期強(qiáng)加于文藝創(chuàng)作的清規(guī)戒律,解放了思想,解放了人性,推動(dòng)了撥亂反正,促進(jìn)了科技發(fā)展。 1982.10—1989.5,是改革開(kāi)放全面展開(kāi)、向縱深發(fā)展時(shí)期。這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑ゾ哂幸韵绿攸c(diǎn)：鄧小平著作發(fā)行量巨大；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著作、教材繼續(xù)熱銷；法律圖書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑ラ_(kāi)始掀起了高潮；金庸的武俠小說(shuō)與瓊瑤的言情小說(shuō)如火山般爆發(fā)；嚴(yán)肅文學(xué)作品與通俗文學(xué)作品分庭抗禮；西方人文社會(huì)科學(xué)著作大行其道。改革開(kāi)放、思想啟蒙的歷史主題,使這一時(shí)期的暢銷書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑コ尸F(xiàn)波瀾壯闊、氣象萬(wàn)千的景象。這是國(guó)民閱讀的沸騰歲月,是圖書(shū)出版?zhèn)鞑サ狞S金時(shí)代。例如,1979—1989,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著作、教材紛紛出版并暢銷起來(lái),原因在于：高等院校的恢復(fù)與高等教育的發(fā)展,為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教材提供了穩(wěn)定的讀者群；經(jīng)濟(jì)的調(diào)整、發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的日益推進(jìn),為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著作、教材的出版?zhèn)鞑ヌ峁┝酥苯拥耐苿?dòng)力；撥亂反正、改革開(kāi)放的時(shí)代主題,為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著作、教材的面世與流行創(chuàng)造了寬松的政治環(huán)境；行政力量的參與和媒體的宣傳,讓經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著作、教材的流傳如虎添翼。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)暢銷教材、著作推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革,促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人才的培養(yǎng)做出了重要貢獻(xiàn),也增加了人民群眾的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入。20世紀(jì)80年代中后期,以金庸與瓊瑤的小說(shuō)為代表的港臺(tái)通俗文學(xué)作品的出版?zhèn)鞑ト缁鹕桨惚l(fā),這是由于：從1984年下半年開(kāi)始,以城市為中心的改革全面鋪開(kāi),形成了龐大的農(nóng)民工群體和市民階層；從1985年開(kāi)始,以市場(chǎng)為取向的出版經(jīng)營(yíng)體制改革有了實(shí)質(zhì)性突破,迫使出版社不得不重視經(jīng)濟(jì)效益;版權(quán)保護(hù)意識(shí)的缺乏,民營(yíng)書(shū)業(yè)的興起,客觀上促進(jìn)了瓊瑤與金庸小說(shuō)出版?zhèn)鞑サ姆睒s；金庸與瓊瑤的小說(shuō)契合了20世紀(jì)80年代中國(guó)人的審美需要和閱讀心理。以金庸和瓊瑤的小說(shuō)為代表的港臺(tái)通俗文學(xué)暢銷書(shū),解放了國(guó)人的人性,為大眾提供了文化營(yíng)養(yǎng),促使編輯出版人員開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,推動(dòng)了中國(guó)大陸本土通俗文學(xué)的發(fā)展。在20世紀(jì)80年代,晦澀難懂的西方人文社會(huì)科學(xué)譯著也大行其道,這是現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的需要,是啟蒙的需要,是協(xié)作出版結(jié)下的碩果。西方人文社會(huì)科學(xué)暢銷書(shū)對(duì)中國(guó)人(尤其是知識(shí)分子、大學(xué)生)起到了思想啟蒙的作用,而且澤惠于后世,成為中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的寶貴精神資源。 “文革”結(jié)束以前和改革開(kāi)放以后,暢銷書(shū)在傳播者、傳播內(nèi)容、傳播渠道、受眾、傳播效果五個(gè)方面有著明顯的區(qū)別。例如,就傳播內(nèi)容而言,“文革”結(jié)束前,主要流行政治理論讀物和革命文學(xué)作品,而改革開(kāi)放后,主要流傳文化教育讀物、經(jīng)濟(jì)讀物和娛樂(lè)休閑讀物。就文學(xué)暢銷書(shū)而言,“文革”結(jié)束前,革命文學(xué)經(jīng)典、俄蘇文學(xué)作品洛陽(yáng)紙貴,而改革開(kāi)放后,港臺(tái)文學(xué)作品、西方文學(xué)作品風(fēng)行中國(guó)。在新中國(guó)40年間,最穩(wěn)定的兩類暢銷書(shū)是政治理論類和科學(xué)技術(shù)類,起伏最大的兩類暢銷書(shū)是文學(xué)類和文化教育類。 新中國(guó)暢銷書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑ヅc時(shí)代變遷之間具有密切關(guān)系。一方面,時(shí)代制約著、決定著暢銷書(shū),另一方面,暢銷書(shū)反映著時(shí)代、影響著時(shí)代。前者是指,暢銷書(shū)是時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物。時(shí)代的迫切需要催生了體現(xiàn)這種時(shí)代要求的暢銷書(shū),時(shí)代創(chuàng)造了某種圖書(shū)得以暢銷的條件。時(shí)代的特點(diǎn)與需要,決定著暢銷書(shū)的選題結(jié)構(gòu),決定著暢銷書(shū)的主題與功能,決定著暢銷書(shū)的文本。暢銷書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑ヒ劳杏跁r(shí)代、依賴于時(shí)代；后者是指,一定時(shí)代的暢銷書(shū)體現(xiàn)該時(shí)代的歷史特征、歷史主題,映射該時(shí)代的社會(huì)心理、大眾心態(tài),體現(xiàn)該時(shí)代的政治、意識(shí)形態(tài)的要求,體現(xiàn)該時(shí)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的特點(diǎn),體現(xiàn)該時(shí)代國(guó)民的知識(shí)水平、思維水準(zhǔn)與精神高度。圖書(shū)的暢銷又影響著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,或是推動(dòng)社會(huì)發(fā)展,或是阻礙歷史前進(jìn)�？傊�,時(shí)代作用于暢銷書(shū),暢銷書(shū)又反作用于時(shí)代,即暢銷書(shū)離不開(kāi)時(shí)代,時(shí)代又呼喚暢銷書(shū)。 暢銷書(shū)是時(shí)代的符號(hào)、標(biāo)志,是反映歷史特征、歷史主題的載體,是記錄時(shí)代精神、大眾心態(tài)的媒介。暢銷書(shū)是社會(huì)變化的睛雨表,是時(shí)代變遷的映射,是觀察歷史發(fā)展的窗口。因而,暢銷書(shū)嬗變的過(guò)程,折射出時(shí)代變遷、社會(huì)演變的軌跡；暢銷書(shū)的文本,濃縮了所在時(shí)代的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)心理的面貌與國(guó)民的閱讀水準(zhǔn)。新中國(guó)暢銷書(shū)的出版?zhèn)鞑ナ?是新中國(guó)時(shí)代變遷、社會(huì)發(fā)展的縮影。勾勒新中國(guó)暢銷書(shū)的歷史嬗變,剖析其形成的歷史原因,分析其產(chǎn)生的歷史作用、影響,解讀其文本(包括內(nèi)容與形式),是考察新中國(guó)時(shí)代變遷、社會(huì)發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)與規(guī)律的非常有效的途徑。
[Abstract]:Best-sellers can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense. The narrow sense of "best-sellers" refers to the best-sellers produced through the purchasing behavior of readers in the book market; the broad sense of "best-sellers" can be produced either through the purchasing behavior of readers in the book market, or through administrative means of distribution or apportionment. Essentially, in a certain period of time, a social behavior of mass pursuit and reading of a certain kind or a certain kind of book has rapidly formed. Any book can be regarded as a best-seller if it has this characteristic. This paper makes a longitudinal study of the publication and dissemination of best-sellers in the 40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China (sometimes extended to 1989 as appropriate).
The publication and dissemination of bestsellers in New China in the past 40 years can be divided into five historical periods: 1949.10-1957.5, 1957.6-1966.4, 1966.5-1976.10, 1976.11-1982.9, 1982.10-1989.5. Each historical period has its own historical characteristics and historical themes. Historical reasons vary, and the historical effects of bestsellers published in each historical period vary.
From October 1949 to May 1957, China's social system changed from a new democratic society to a socialist society. The publishing and dissemination of best-sellers in this period had the following characteristics: the publishing and dissemination of literary best-sellers were rich and colorful, the mass publishing and bestselling of Russian-Soviet translations became the label of the times, love and sexual knowledge. The publishing and disseminating craze of books has become a peculiar scenery.The spirit of the times of "combining old and new, flourishing, pluralistic and flourishing" has made the publishing and disseminating of best-sellers in this period vivid and lively on the whole.For example, the publishing and disseminating of literary best-sellers in the 1950s, especially in the early and mid-1950s, was rich and colorful. Life literature books have become the backbone of literary bestsellers'publishing and dissemination. Chinese classical literature books, represented by the works of progressive writers in the founding of New China, as well as the publishing and dissemination of modern Chinese literature books and even western capitalist literature books are also flourishing. This is rare in the early 1960s, but also the root of the "Cultural Revolution" period. The fundamental reason lies in the loose ideological control over literature and art at that time. The unprecedented popularity of revolutionary literature books had a tremendous impact: cultivating the revolutionary hero worship complex of the broad masses of the people, spreading the mainstream values of patriotism, patriotism, communism, patriotism, anti-aggression, anti-oppression and anti-exploitation.
From 1957.6 to 1966.4, China began to explore the period of building socialism in an all-round way. The publishing and dissemination of best-sellers in class education is unprecedented; science and technology, especially the best-selling books of traditional Chinese medicine, have become a brilliant scene in the book market. The number of Russian-Soviet translations declined sharply and almost disappeared after 1960. This was the inevitable result of the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations after 1956, and also the reflection of the superstition of the Soviet Union consciously broken by the Chinese translation circle. From April 1963 to November 1964, specialized class education books were published and widely circulated, which was the rapid expansion of class struggle at that time. The direct manifestation of the enlargement is the inevitable requirement of the socialist education movement for the book publishing industry. Specialized class education books enhance the class concept of young children and raise their revolutionary vigilance. But when the dust of history settles down, it will be found that this bestseller has contributed to the spread of "Left" dumping errors. Let the seeds of hatred grow in the hearts of young, pure children.
The period from 1966.5 to 1976.10 (the Cultural Revolution) was a rare crazy period in the history of the Chinese nation and a nightmare period since the founding of New China. For a miracle, the book "Barefoot Doctor" became a symbol of the times. Superstition prevailed and the characteristics of the times were so great that the publication and dissemination of the best-sellers in this period were deformed and distorted. The variety was extremely single and unbalanced. For example, the publication and distribution of Mao Zedong's works went crazy during this period because: "Cultural Revolution" "Publishing and issuing Mao Zedong's works became an overwhelming political task after the beginning. Lin Biao advocated and flattered Mao Zedong's works with ulterior motives. People worshiped Mao Zedong blindly. The crazy publishing and issuing of Mao Zedong's works during the"Cultural Revolution"intensified personal worship, strengthened modern superstition, and drew political capital for Lin Biao. Scientific and technological books are the best-selling plates in the period of the Cultural Revolution, and the most individualized scientific and technological books are the barefoot doctor's books. The basic reason for the large number of barefoot doctor's books published is to carry out Mao Zedong's "putting the focus of medical and health work in the countryside" In response to Mao Zedong's call to "prepare for war, prepare for famine and serve the people", barefoot doctors'books are an important way for barefoot doctors to acquire medical knowledge, and even become urgent letters for them to learn and use at present.
The period from November 1976 to September 1982 was a transitional period from an era of class struggle to an era of reform and opening-up centered on economic construction. A number of bestsellers with the theme of getting rid of chaos emerged at the historic moment. The publishing and disseminating of reference books, popular literature works, daily life books, economic books and children's books became popular. For example, the cultural and educational books are selling well unprecedentedly, which is the reflection of the society's emphasis on education, knowledge and respect for talents after the resumption of the college entrance examination in 1977. The most sensational literary bestseller published in this period was the Second Handshake, which broke through the rules and regulations imposed on literary and artistic creation during the Cultural Revolution, emancipated the mind, liberated humanity, promoted the rectification of chaos, and promoted the development of science and technology.
From October 1982 to May 1989, the period of reform and opening-up was a period of comprehensive development. The publication and dissemination of best-selling books in this period had the following characteristics: Deng Xiaoping's publications had a huge circulation; economic books and teaching materials continued to be popular; the publication and dissemination of legal books began to set off a climax; Jin Yong's martial arts novels and Qiong Yao's romantic novels were like volcanoes. The historical theme of reform and opening-up and ideological enlightenment made the publishing and dissemination of bestsellers in this period present a magnificent scene. This is the boiling years of national reading and the golden time of book publishing and dissemination. For example, from 1979 to 1989, economics books and textbooks were published and sold well in succession, because the recovery of colleges and universities and the development of higher education provided a stable readership of economics textbooks; the economic adjustment, development and the increasing promotion of economic system reform provided a direct basis for the publication and dissemination of economics books and textbooks. The theme of the times of reform and opening-up creates a relaxed political environment for the publication and popularity of economic books and textbooks; the participation of administrative forces and the publicity of the media make the spread of economic books and textbooks more powerful. In the mid and late 1980s, the publication and dissemination of popular literature in Hong Kong and Taiwan, represented by Jin Yong's and Qiong Yao's novels, erupted like a volcano. This was due to the fact that since the second half of 1984, the city-centered reform has been carried out in an all-round way and formed. Since 1985, the reform of the market-oriented publishing management system has made substantial breakthroughs, forcing publishers to attach importance to economic benefits; the lack of awareness of copyright protection and the rise of private book industry have objectively promoted the prosperity of the publishing and dissemination of novels by Qiong Yao and Jin Yong; and Jin Yong and Qiong. Yao's novels meet the aesthetic needs and reading psychology of the Chinese people in the 1980s. The best-selling books of popular literature in Hong Kong and Taiwan, represented by the novels of Jin Yong and Qiong Yao, have liberated the human nature of the Chinese people, provided cultural nourishment for the masses, prompted editors and publishers to change their ideas and promoted the development of popular literature in mainland China. In the 1980s, obscure translations of Western humanities and Social Sciences became popular, which were the needs of modernization, enlightenment and the fruits of collaborative publishing. The precious spiritual resources of China's modernization drive.
Before the end of the Cultural Revolution and after the reform and opening-up, bestsellers differed significantly in five aspects: disseminator, content, channel, audience and effect of dissemination. For example, before the end of the Cultural Revolution, there were mainly popular political theory books and revolutionary literary works, but after the reform and opening-up, there were mainly cultural and educational books. Before the end of the Cultural Revolution, the classics of revolutionary literature and the works of Russian and Soviet literature in Luoyang were expensive. After the reform and opening up, the literary works of Hong Kong, Taiwan and the western literature became popular in China. In the 40 years of New China, the two most stable best-sellers were political theory and science and technology, with the greatest ups and downs. The two best sellers are literature and culture education.
There is a close relationship between the publication and dissemination of the best-sellers in New China and the changes of the times. On the one hand, the times restrict and decide the best-sellers. On the other hand, the best-sellers reflect the times and influence the times. The former means that the best-sellers are the products of the times. The characteristics and needs of the times determine the topic structure of bestsellers, the theme and function of bestsellers, and the text of bestsellers. It reflects the social psychology and public mentality of the times, reflects the political and ideological requirements of the times, reflects the characteristics of the economic development of the times, reflects the level of knowledge, thinking and spirit of the people of the times. For bestsellers, Bestsellers are counterproductive in the era of bestsellers, which are inseparable from the times.
Bestsellers are symbols of the times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G239.29

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周國(guó)清;黃俊劍;;新媒介環(huán)境下農(nóng)民受眾的需求特征及其應(yīng)對(duì)策略[J];湖南師范大學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年04期

2 薛建立;;論出版強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)與圖書(shū)編輯全面素質(zhì)教育[J];鄭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2011年04期

3 余人;;提升中國(guó)少兒出版的原創(chuàng)力與傳播力[J];出版廣角;2011年05期

4 范軍;;中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨早期出版活動(dòng)研究綜述[J];現(xiàn)代出版;2011年04期

5 劉曉丹;;我國(guó)數(shù)字出版產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)控政策探析[J];科教新報(bào)(教育科研);2011年28期

6 陳建;;我國(guó)百科全書(shū)知識(shí)傳播的邏輯起點(diǎn)及啟蒙意義[J];中國(guó)出版;2011年16期

7 ;[J];;年期

8 ;[J];;年期

9 ;[J];;年期

10 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 田建平;;論出版?zhèn)鞑A];中國(guó)傳播學(xué)會(huì)成立大會(huì)暨第九次全國(guó)傳播學(xué)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2006年

2 錢(qián)元元;;淺議出版?zhèn)鞑サ拇蟊娀头直娀呄騕A];中國(guó)編輯研究（2008）[C];2009年

3 于翠玲;;媒介演變與文化傳播的獨(dú)特景觀——中國(guó)編輯出版史的認(rèn)識(shí)價(jià)值[A];中國(guó)編輯研究（2007）[C];2007年

4 費(fèi)郁紅;胡蘭萍;楊春;;科技期刊傳播學(xué)研究的多元方法[A];中國(guó)高校學(xué)出版（Ⅱ）——中國(guó)高等學(xué)校自然科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)研究會(huì)第13次年會(huì)論文集[C];2009年

5 闕道隆;;編輯學(xué)學(xué)科建設(shè)中的三個(gè)問(wèn)題[A];中國(guó)編輯研究（2007）[C];2007年

6 張永泰;;編輯主體地位的思考與實(shí)踐[A];中國(guó)編輯研究（2008）[C];2009年

7 ;編后記[A];中國(guó)編輯研究（2007）[C];2007年

8 賀圣遂;;關(guān)于科學(xué)出版觀的思考[A];中國(guó)編輯研究（2006）[C];2007年

9 殷曉蓉;方筱麗;;都市期刊生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究——以紐約和上海為例[A];和諧社會(huì) 價(jià)值·政策·制度——上海市社會(huì)科學(xué)界第四屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)文集（2006年度）（政治·法律·社會(huì)學(xué)科卷）[C];2006年

10 戴衛(wèi)平;高艷紅;;垂直方位詞“上／下”“UP／DOWN”隱喻研究[A];中國(guó)英漢語(yǔ)比較研究會(huì)第七次全國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2006年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 商報(bào)記者 郭虹;聚焦數(shù)字出版?zhèn)鞑サ奈磥?lái)[N];中國(guó)圖書(shū)商報(bào);2010年

2 北京開(kāi)卷信息技術(shù)有限公司 執(zhí)筆人 楊毅;少兒暢銷書(shū)進(jìn)入多元時(shí)代[N];中國(guó)新聞出版報(bào);2010年

3 孫慶國(guó);圖書(shū)零售市場(chǎng)：進(jìn)入暢銷書(shū)時(shí)代[N];浙江日?qǐng)?bào);2002年

4 孫慶國(guó);進(jìn)入暢銷書(shū)時(shí)代[N];中國(guó)圖書(shū)商報(bào);2002年

5 本報(bào)記者 郭銘;少兒出版的強(qiáng)國(guó)之夢(mèng)[N];中國(guó)教育報(bào);2011年

6 本報(bào)記者 陳香;增速放緩，，亮點(diǎn)不多，文學(xué)與少兒是兩大助推劑[N];中華讀書(shū)報(bào);2011年

7 陳香;少兒書(shū)業(yè)進(jìn)入暢銷書(shū)運(yùn)作時(shí)代[N];中華讀書(shū)報(bào);2007年

8 張二虎;暢銷書(shū)時(shí)代的財(cái)富效應(yīng)[N];經(jīng)理日?qǐng)?bào);2004年

9 北京開(kāi)卷圖書(shū)市場(chǎng)研究所常務(wù)副總經(jīng)理 孫慶國(guó);中國(guó)圖書(shū)零售市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入暢銷書(shū)時(shí)代[N];中國(guó)圖書(shū)商報(bào);2002年

10 商報(bào)記者 藍(lán)有林;法律出版社 做法律信息產(chǎn)業(yè)第一內(nèi)容提供商[N];中國(guó)圖書(shū)商報(bào);2009年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 易圖強(qiáng);新中國(guó)暢銷書(shū)歷史嬗變及其與時(shí)代變遷關(guān)系研究（1949.10-1989.5）[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2011年

2 李慶勇;穿行在藝術(shù)女神與經(jīng)濟(jì)巨人之間[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年

3 劉蒙之;改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)的大陸民營(yíng)圖書(shū)出版業(yè)研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2010年

4 匡導(dǎo)球;二十世紀(jì)中國(guó)出版技術(shù)變遷研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 侯婭南;21世紀(jì)以來(lái)我國(guó)生活類暢銷書(shū)的出版研究[D];北京印刷學(xué)院;2010年

2 鄧飛燕;2000年至2008年中國(guó)大陸暢銷書(shū)特質(zhì)研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2010年

3 毛蓉蓉;新世紀(jì)以來(lái)文學(xué)類暢銷書(shū)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

4 陳婷;郭敬明現(xiàn)象的出版?zhèn)鞑W(xué)解讀[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2010年

5 楊成芳;從2011年開(kāi)卷暢銷書(shū)排行榜看暢銷書(shū)的選題策劃[D];廣西民族大學(xué);2012年

6 陳茜;民營(yíng)實(shí)體書(shū)店在出版?zhèn)鞑ブ械目蛻舳私巧芯縖D];山東大學(xué);2012年

7 林淼;圖書(shū)傳播策略研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2011年

8 汪曙華;數(shù)字環(huán)境下出版?zhèn)鞑サ淖冞w研究[D];北京印刷學(xué)院;2006年

9 周國(guó)清;出版?zhèn)鞑ヅc農(nóng)村先進(jìn)文化建設(shè)論略[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2008年

10 閆玉喜;沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型項(xiàng)目管理研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年

本文編號(hào)：2241775