【摘要】：我國現(xiàn)有580多家出版社,嚴(yán)格說都是計(jì)劃體制的產(chǎn)物,出版業(yè)長期運(yùn)作在半市場(chǎng)、半計(jì)劃的范圍中,是行政壟斷特征最為明顯的行業(yè)之一,也是我國市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程中最遲緩的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。從本質(zhì)上來說,作為由13位數(shù)字組成的書號(hào),其自身并不存在經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,與國際上通行的咖啡、牛奶、面包等物品編碼沒本質(zhì)的區(qū)別,只是圖書可以正式出版的標(biāo)志,用來識(shí)別品種,區(qū)別定價(jià),起到保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的作用。然而,長期以來,本身沒有什么經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的書號(hào)卻逐漸演變成為國家賦予國有出版社的專有出版權(quán),一種圖書出版的特許標(biāo)志,書號(hào)在不知不覺中已異化成一種出版資源。 本文從我國出版業(yè)書號(hào)管理這一角度切入,對(duì)改革開放以來出版業(yè)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的“書號(hào)資源化”這一特異現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行全面細(xì)致的梳理和解析,探索出版業(yè)行政管理改革以及出版業(yè)健康發(fā)展的有效方法和基本途徑。 本文研究的所謂的“書號(hào)資源化”,主要包含兩層含義： (1)“書號(hào)資源化”是指我國出版行政管理部門在實(shí)際工作中,長期以來利用對(duì)書號(hào)的發(fā)放、控制等權(quán)力將書號(hào)作為加強(qiáng)對(duì)出版社行政管理的手段和措施,將書號(hào)作為一種出版資源進(jìn)行管理。 (2)由于中國出版業(yè)實(shí)行的是審批制,在既不能合法設(shè)立出版單位,又不能通過正常途徑申領(lǐng)書號(hào)的情況下,便形成了強(qiáng)大的書號(hào)需求的買方市場(chǎng),書號(hào)便有了一定的附加值。因此,書號(hào)被異化為出版領(lǐng)域的一種稀缺資源,成為一種可以被買賣的有價(jià)值的商品。 本文對(duì)“書號(hào)資源化”現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生、變化以及由此帶來的亂象乃至亂象背后的原因進(jìn)行細(xì)致的闡述。通過梳理、闡述和分析,本文研究認(rèn)為“書號(hào)資源化”現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因是： (1)出版的壟斷性質(zhì)是“書號(hào)資源化”現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的根本原因。 (2)出版業(yè)的準(zhǔn)入與退出機(jī)制的不完善,是“書號(hào)資源化”現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的重要因素。 (3)畸形的買方市場(chǎng)是“書號(hào)資源化”產(chǎn)生的市場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ)。 (4)利益的驅(qū)動(dòng),是“書號(hào)資源化”現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件。 (5)國有出版社自身發(fā)展的不足,民營書業(yè)的規(guī)模崛起,是“書號(hào)資源化”現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的客觀條件。 本文研究認(rèn)為,書號(hào)制是不能廢除的,圖書編號(hào)也是國際規(guī)則,事實(shí)上一定程度的管制在任何國家都是必需的,從操作層面來說,對(duì)書號(hào)進(jìn)行管理也是必然的。同時(shí),因?yàn)閷?duì)書號(hào)管理而帶來的“書號(hào)資源化”也是暫時(shí)的,只具有過渡性質(zhì),是中國社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)走向健康發(fā)展中的一個(gè)在出版領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的暫時(shí)現(xiàn)象。“書號(hào)資源化”也將隨著中國改革的深入,隨著現(xiàn)行體制外的職業(yè)化出版力量確定合法地位及政府給予更多的發(fā)展空間,隨著中國出版業(yè)資源的市場(chǎng)良性配置,隨著中國出版市場(chǎng)的健康競(jìng)爭和發(fā)展,書號(hào)的“含金量”不僅會(huì)逐步減少,而且在條件成熟的情況下,還會(huì)最終消失。當(dāng)然,我國出版業(yè)目前還缺乏完全放開的條件,而“書號(hào)資源化”的現(xiàn)象已成為出版業(yè)行政體制改革必須面對(duì)的一大挑戰(zhàn)和難題。我們應(yīng)將書號(hào)回歸到它只是作為圖書的一個(gè)編號(hào)來使用的本來意義上,而不該被管理部門作為一種稀缺資源壟斷在手中。應(yīng)從發(fā)展的視角、從國際的視角來看待書號(hào)管理的走向。本文在分析借鑒國外出版業(yè)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,基于我國國情,針對(duì)我國“書號(hào)資源化”現(xiàn)象提出了推進(jìn)我國出版業(yè)行政管理體制改革的若干對(duì)策： (1)大力推進(jìn)出版行政管理體制改革,加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控,轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,由審批型向服務(wù)型職能轉(zhuǎn)變； (2)改革出版權(quán)的壟斷制度,改變書號(hào)壟斷的現(xiàn)狀； (3)建立完善的退出機(jī)制,整合出版資源； (4)加強(qiáng)和完善出版業(yè)的準(zhǔn)入制度,解決民營出版的通道問題,形成體制內(nèi)外的良性互動(dòng)； (5)規(guī)范各種“合作出版”行為,增設(shè)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu),加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管； (6)健全法律管理體系,加強(qiáng)行業(yè)自律。
[Abstract]:There are more than 580 publishing houses in China, strictly speaking, the product of the planned system. Publishing industry operates in the semi-market and semi-planned area for a long time. It is one of the industries with the most obvious characteristics of administrative monopoly and one of the industries with the slowest development in the marketization process. There is no essential difference between the codes of coffee, milk, bread and other goods with economic value. They are just the signs that can be officially published to identify varieties, differentiate pricing and protect intellectual property rights. The exclusive publishing right of a publishing house, a special mark of book publishing, has unconsciously alienated the book number into a publishing resource.
From the point of view of book number management in publishing industry in China, this paper makes a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the special phenomenon of book number Resourcing in publishing industry since the reform and opening-up, and explores the effective methods and basic ways for the reform of publishing administration and the healthy development of publishing industry.
The so-called "book number resource" in this paper mainly contains two meanings:
(1) "Book number resourcing" means that the publishing administrative departments in China have long used the power of issuing and controlling book numbers as a means and measure to strengthen the administration of publishing houses and to manage book numbers as a publishing resource.
(2) Since China's publishing industry practices a system of examination and approval, a strong buyer's market for book numbers is formed when publishing units can not be legally established and book numbers can not be applied for through normal channels, so book numbers have certain added value. Therefore, book numbers are alienated as a scarce resource in the publishing field and become a kind of resources that can be used for publishing. Buying and selling valuable commodities.
This paper elaborates on the emergence and changes of the phenomenon of book number resourcefulness and the reasons behind it.
(1) the monopoly nature of publishing is the fundamental reason for the phenomenon of "resource utilization of book numbers".
(2) Imperfect access and exit mechanism of publishing industry is an important factor for the phenomenon of book number resourcing.
(3) the abnormal buyer's market is the market basis for the "book number resource".
(4) the driving force of interest is the economic condition resulting from the phenomenon of "book number resource".
(5) The insufficiency of the development of the state-owned publishing houses and the rise of the scale of the private book industry are the objective conditions for the phenomenon of book number resourcing.
This paper holds that the book number system can not be abolished, the book number is also an international rule, in fact, a certain degree of control is necessary in any country, from the operational level, the book number management is inevitable. It is a temporary phenomenon in the field of publishing that China's socialist market economy is moving toward a healthy development. With the deepening of China's reform, with the professional publishing force outside the current system to determine its legal status and the government to give more room for development, with the benign allocation of China's publishing resources in the market. With the healthy competition and development of China's publishing market, the "gold content" of book numbers will not only gradually decrease, but also eventually disappear when conditions are ripe. We should return the book number to the original meaning that it is only used as a Book number, and should not be monopolized by the management department as a scarce resource. We should look at the trend of book number management from the perspective of development and international perspective. On the basis of China's national conditions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to promote the reform of the administrative system of the publishing industry in view of the phenomenon of "book number resourcefulness".
(1) To vigorously promote the reform of the publishing administrative system, strengthen macro-control, transform the functions of the government, from the examination and approval type to the service type;
(2) reform the monopoly system of copyright and change the status quo of book number monopoly.
(3) establish a sound exit mechanism and integrate publishing resources;
(4) Strengthen and improve the access system of publishing industry, solve the problem of private publishing channels, and form a positive interaction inside and outside the system;
(5) regulate all kinds of "cooperative publishing" activities, add market supervision organs, and strengthen supervision;
(6) improve the legal management system and strengthen industry self-discipline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G239.2-F

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本文編號(hào)：2183325